Bio 30 4th Exam Reviewer

BIO 30 4TH EXAM REVIEWER Merlyn S. Mendioro Delayed and Extra-chromosomal Inheritance 1. ) Genetic factors that are located outside the chromosome: plasmagenes, plasmons, cytogens, plasmids. 2. ) Plasmid inheritance implies: perpetuation through DNA Replication. 3. ) Killer gene particulate material in Paramecium aurelia: kappa 4. ) Mirabilis jalapa shows extrachromosomal inheritance in the ___________. When a pale male parent is crossed with a green female the result usually is __________. : chloroplast, green 5. Hereditary mitochondrial diseases are transmitted only through the ____________ line since ______________ can hardly contain mitochondria. : maternal, spermatozoa 6. ) Gradual loss of the ability to control eye movement: Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 7. ) Occurs during childhood characterized by a combination of anemia, reduction of all blood cells, dysfunction of the pancreas, liver and kidneys: Pearson Syndrome 8. ) Cytoplasmic nuclear male sterility: 9. ) Mothers transmit virus-like particles called sigma. What is this? Infective Heredity 10. Extrachromosomal particles/plasmids free of the host organism or integral of the organism chromosome that are infective. For example E. Coli’s fertility trait. Episomes 11. ) What are the different criteria for extrachromosomal inheritance? : Difference in reciprocal cross results, Maternal Inheritance, Non-mappability, Non-segregation, Non-Mendelian Segregation, Indifference to nuclear substitution, Infection-like transmission 11a. ) Difference in reciprocal crosses – if the normal cross is equal to the reciprocal cross Maternal inheritance – if the traits are mainly from the mothers because of the cytoplasm contributed.Non-mappability – the extra-chromosomal gene cannot be mapped. Non-segregation – failure to show segregation merits extrachromosomal heredity Non-Mendelian Segregation – does not follow Mendelian proportions. Indifference to nuclear substitution – when characteristic persists in presence of nuclear transmission. Extrachromosomal inheritance comes into play. Infection-like transmission – transmitted without nuclear transmission, IT IS Extrachromosomal. Quantitative Genetics 1. ) A quantitative trait is _________.Quantitative effects are __________ if they can be added to produce phenotypes, the sum total of the negative and positive effects of individual ____________: polygenic, additive, polygenes 2. ) The several basic assumptions for polygene hypothesis: Gene determining quantitative traits = Gene determining qualitative traits only that the former has NO INDIVIDUALLY RECOGNIZED PHENOTYPIC EFFECT Series of genes independent of one another governs a quantitative trait Genes have cumulative effect Dominance is ordinarily absent The F1 appears intermediate of the parentsThere is an appreciable influence of the environment on the expression of the trait The only adequate system of classification is through meas urement of the trait 3. ) Contributory effect per allele = large phenotype-smallest phenotype2n 4. ) Finding the frequency of each combination: Use binomial distribution or Pascal Triangle 5. ) (a+b)2n , where n is the number of gene pairs, 2n is the number of alleles. 6. ) Problem Solving I: The gene AA controls for the phenotype of length of corn. Three genes are responsible for the length of corn.The longest measurement of corn in a sample of 1000 is 130cm while the shortest is 24 cm. Find all the possible progenies of the parent corn and their respective measurements. Include their frequencies. 130 cm – 24 cm = 106 cm 106cm / 6 alleles = 17. 67 cm per allele Gene| aaaaaa| Aaaaaa| AAaaaa| AAAaaa| AAAAaa| AAAAAa| AAAAAA| Length| 24cm| 41. 67cm| 59. 34cm| 77. 01cm| 94. 68cm| 112. 35cm| 130. 02cm| Frequency| 1/64| 6/64| 15/64| 20/64| 15/64| 6/64| 1/64| 7. ) Finding the gene pairs: 8. ) The tendency of the offspring of extreme parents to deviate from the mean by a lesser amoun t than their parents.Regression 9. ) There will be no regression if there is no dominance, no epistasis, and no environmental effects. True 10. ) Number of facets in Bar-eyed Drosophila is a gene effect specifically? Multiplying effects 11. ) The measure of resemblance between relatives is called? Heritability 12. ) Why is heritability in the narrow sense important to plant breeders? Because it indicates that the selection of parents bearing particular measurements that are favorable will produce offspring of similar phenotype. They want favorable traits to be passed on to the next generation as intact. 3. ) Why is heritability in the broad sense important to human geneticists? Because they want to know how much an individual’s phenotype is affected by his genotype. They want to assess the relative influence of the genotype and environmental factors. Population Genetics 1. ) It studies the genetic constitution of populations and how this genetic constitution changes from gene ration to generation. Population Genetics 2. ) A community of sexually interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals sharing a common gene pool. Population 3. Refer to the proportions of the different alleles of a gene in a population. Gene frequencies. 4. ) The sum total of genes in the reproductive gametes of all the individuals in a population. Gene Pool 5. ) The formulators of the Hardy Weinberg are: Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg 6. ) State the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: The frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles remained constant at whatever value applied to the previous generation. 7. ) State the factors that disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Mutation, Selection, Migration, Genetic Drift 8. Mutation occurs only in one direction, False 9. ) What are the three basic kinds of selective effects? Stabilizing Selection – tends to eliminate the phenotypic extremes Directional Selection – one of the extremes in the phenotypic range becomes m ost fit and thus it is preserved. Disruptive Selection – Both extremes of the phenotypic range are selected for. 10. ) Selection is both a long term and a short term process. True 11. ) The reproductive success of one phenotype as opposed to alternative phenotypes. Fitness 12. ) The force acting upon a phenotype to reduce its fitness or adaptive value.Selection Pressure. 13. ) Selection against a genotype may occur either in gametes or in zygotes. True 14. ) In this selection, there is no difference between the dominant and the recessive alleles since both genotypes are phenotypically expressed. Gametic Selection 15. ) In this selection, three possible genotypes for a single gene difference are observed. Zygotic Selection. 16. ) A situation where two or more forms of a population coexist in the same habitat in such a proportion that even the least frequent form could not have been due to mutation.Balanced Polymorphism 17. ) A type of assortative (non-random) mating where mate s are more closely related to each other. Inbreeding 18. ) This is where inbreeding brings out deleterious recessive genes that were previously concealed by their dominant alleles. Inbreeding Depression 18a. ) Sample Question: Why is human mating in relatives forbidden by law? Because of deleterious recessive infirmities. There is a large chance for a concealed gene say lethal gene to be expressed when you breed with a relative rather than random mating individuals. 19. The effects of inbreeding depression can be reversed by? Hybridization 20. ) Hybrids show marked increase in fitness: increased size, fertility etc. This is called as? Hybrid Vigor/Heterosis. 21. ) When there is migration, two factors are important to the recipient population. What are they? The difference in gene frequencies between two populations and the proportion of migrant genes that are incorporated each generation are the two factors. 22. ) A non-directional force that changes gene frequency in an unpredictab le rate from generation to generation. Genetic Drift 23. The number of parents in the population which is important in determining genetic drift. Effective Population Size 24. ) Severe reduction in population size due to a deleterious, external event. Bottleneck 25. ) A small part of the population moves to an uninhabited area. Founder’s Effect. 26. ) Defined as populations of organisms that differ in the relative frequency of some genes or genetically distinct populations of the same species. Races 27. ) Defined as a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Species 28. In separate groups (Allopatric) or within an area of overlap (Sympatric), speciation can take place by chance. 29. ) Prevent the formation of hybrid zygotes. These include ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical and gametic isolation. Prezygotic barriers. 30. ) Consequences of genetic incompatibilities or nuclear-cytoplasmic irregularities. Postzy gotic Barriers. 31. ) 5 Types of Isolation (Pre-Zygotic Barrier): Habitat Isolation, Temporal Isolation, Behavioral Isolation, Mechanical Isolation, Gametic Isolation. Habitat Isolation – organism, isolated from others by habitat.Temporal Isolation – organism, is not in right time for reproduction. The mates are only reproducing in other timeframes. Behavioral Isolation – Sexual attraction is weak or absent between sexes. Mechanical Isolation – Pollen, gametic transfer is rendered physically impossible because of differences in size or structure of the reproductive organs. Gametic Isolation – The male and female gametes fail to fuse or the spermatozoa or pollen are inviable. 32. ) 3 Kinds of Post-Zygotic Barriers. Hybrid Inviability – hybrid zygotes fail to develop, or fail to reach sexual maturity.Hybrid Sterility – hybrids fail to produce functional gametes. Hybrid Breakdown – The viability or fertility of the hybrids is grea tly reduced. 33. ) Speciation that is faster which are due to chromosomal changes. Rapid Speciation Human Genetics 1. ) The affected individual through whom the pedigree is discussed. Proband 2. ) 22II + XX/XY + I21/Trisomy 21 Down’s Syndrome 3. ) 22II + XX/XY + I16,17,or18, or Trisomy in either 16, 17, 18th chromosome. E Trisomy 4. ) 22II + XX/XY + I13,14,or15 or Trisomy in either 13, 14, 15th chromosome. D Trisomy 5. ) Sex chromosome Aneuploid. 22II + XO. 9% of affected fetuses die before birth. Sexually Infantile. Turner’s Syndrome 6. ) 22II + XXY. Mental Retardation, Rambling talkativeness, dependent, submissive, rudimentary testes. Klinefelter’s Syndrome 7. ) 22II + XXX. Tallness, menstrual irregularities, Subnormal Mental Abilities. Triplo X Syndrome 8. ) 22II + XYY. Violent Behavior. Acne. Speech and Reading Problems. Jacob Syndrome 9. ) 22II + Xy. Has both ovary and testes. Mentally retarded. Has congenital anomalies. Hermaphrotidism 10. ) 5p-. Deletion on the terminal end of the 5th Chromosome. Small Epiglottis.Cat-like cry. Cri-du-chat Syndrome 11. ) No dystrophin synthesized. Deletion of a small segment in X chromosome. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 12. ) Lesser dystrophin synthesized. Becker Muscular Dystrophy 13. ) Reciprocal translation of chromosomes 2 and 20. Alagille Syndrome. 14. ) Translocation involving chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Philadelphia chromosomes. 15. ) Genes that convert normal cells into cancer cells. Oncogenes 16. ) Accumulation of galactose in blood. Consequences include muscle weakness, mental retardation, and liver disease.Galactosemia. 17. ) Resistance to malaria but has severe hemolytic anemia. Favism/Primaquine Sensitivity. 18. ) PKU stands for. Phenylketonuria. 19. ) Normal hemoglobin A is replaced by abnormal hemoglobin S. Substitution of amino acid valine for glutamic acid. Sickle Cell Anemia. 20. ) Persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Too few beta globin chains. Thalas semia. 21. ) Caused by a deletion of a single amino acid of the CFTR. Lung infection. Pancreatic insufficiency. Cystic Fibrosis. 22. ) Predisposition to allergy was found out in a single dominant gene in the long arm of? Chromosome 11 23. Loss of ability to organize thoughts. Was found out to have a heritability of 80%. A normal person can have this by living with someone who has this. Schizophrenia 24. ) 2 Common Eating Disorders. Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia Nervosa 25. ) Eating disorder where males see themselves as too small and they take more amino acid. Bigorexia/Muscle Dysmorphia. 26. ) Has a high heritability of 40-60%. Gene for dopamine contributes to this too. Drug Addiction 27. ) Environmental effect on IQ declines as an individual advances in age. The heritability of an adult IQ is 80%. True 28. The candidate gene for intelligence. N-CAM (Neural Cellular Adhesion Molecule) 29. ) The candidate chromosome for intelligence. 4 30. ) Republic Act No. 9288. Newborn Screening Act 3 1. ) Disorders included in Newborn Screening: Congenital Hyperthyroidism Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Galactosemia Phenylketonuria Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1. ) Steps in Recombinant DNA Technology. Restriction Endonuclease/DNA Ligase Cloning Vehicle/Vector Functional Host Multiplication of Recipient Cells. 2. ) Initial success of Recombinant DNA Technology.Insulin in E. Coli 3. ) HUGO stands for. Human Genome Mapping Organization 4. ) The technique of DNA fingerprinting involves the use of. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms 5. ) DNA Markers Useful in Genome Mapping RFLP Tandem Nucleotide Repeat Markers Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Marker Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 6. ) Executive Order 514 series of 2006 established? National Biosafety Framework 7. ) NCBP stands for. National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines. Bonus Questions on Human Geneti cs . ) People with urine that smells like Maple Syrup. Maple Syrup Urine Disease 2. ) Have formation of plaque on the inner wall of coronary arteries. Angina. Arrythmia. Heart Failure. Shortness of Breath. Coronary Heart Disease 3. ) Manifested absence of polyuria, normal/slightly decreased concentrating urine ability. Autosomal Recessive. Gitelman’s Syndrome 4. ) Microcephally. Synephrys. Thick Eyelashes. Short Upturned nose. Downturned lips. 1 to 10,000 to 30,000. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome 5. ) Neurodevelopmental disorder that affects girls exclusively. Has 4 stages.Last stage is scoliosis and the loss of walking ability. Rett Syndrome 6. ) Experience accumulation of glycogen that leads to progressive weakness of the muscles. Ventilator dependence. Pompe Disease 7. ) Mean age of 36. Mean survival after diagnosis is 2. 8 years. Dyspnea. Fatigue. Syncope. Chest Pain. Edema. Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (FPAH) 8. ) Has a multifactorial inheritance pattern. Chronic disease characterized by recurrent attack of breathlessness and wheezing. Allergic and Respiratory Asthma 9. ) Excessive Hunger. Excessive thirst. Frequent Urination. Weight Loss.Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 10. ) Nearsightedness or shortsightedness. Myopia 11. ) Autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. It is caused by the malfunction of the immune system. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 12. ) Bloating. Stomach Cramps. Flatulence. Slight Nausea. Diarrhea upon intake of lactose. Lactose Intolerance 13. ) Neurodegenerative disease that commonly affects people over the age of 60. Parkinson’s Disorder 14. ) Sporadic, non-contagious multifactorial disease in which progressive, patchy or loss of pigmentation of skin, overlying hair, and often mucous membranes.Vitiligo 15. ) Congenital Paresis (Paralysis of the Face). Inability to suck. Excessive Drooling. Moebius Syndrome 16. ) Small head circumference, high pitched cry, seizures increased. Microcephally 17. ) Avera ge intelligence. Speaking in monotone. Develop intense interest in a particular subject. Asperger Syndrome 18. ) Generalized blistering and mucosal involvement present at birth. Non Herlitz Junctional Epidemolysis Bullosa 19. ) Manifestations of bone fracture, without known trauma, bone deformity and blue sclera. Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Classism: High School and Social Class Essay

Social class in America is a subject which always has and always will continue to affect our daily lives. The video â€Å"People like us: Social Class in America† offered several depictions of class in the U.S.. The video’s depictions ranged in accuracy in terms of its definition of social classes. However the video itself caused me to realize the great affect social class has on my life as well as the lives of those around me. Classism in the United States is a very big, yet silent prejudice that is continually causing many problems in our society. I have always been affected by the evils of classism in my life. The most brilliant example this, is public schooling. The public school system, especially here in White Plains, provides a mock â€Å"real world† in my eyes. Because White Plains’ schooling is so diverse, it is the perfect habitat for viewing how various classes interact with each other. Some of the observations I’ve made during my years as a pupil in this wonderful, equal opportunity, educational system are as follows: The more well off students always get off. Because of their much concerned and well-to-do parents the worst kid could do the worst thing and always get away with it. However, I find it very interesting that a ragged, dirt smudged Hispanic boy can do that very same thing and end up having to get sent home; causing his mother to take off of her twelve hour minimum wage job to stay at home with him. All the while not knowing what is going on because of the simple fact that she couldnâ €™t speak English. Thank god for mom’s and dad’s . . . . money and image. Another issue that greatly affected my life was how class determined social circles. All throughout my schooling I have seen friends come and go. Even at the early age of seven, it was evident who was richer than whom; solely based on the gifts I received at birthday parties. The kids who gave the cool presents where the rich kids. Those were the kids who never invited you to their parties. They just invited the kids just like them. Those â€Å"rich kids† have held their titles all through high school. They have evolved though; they are now referred to as the â€Å"preps† I find in amusing to see  just how many groups of students or cliques have remained throughout secondary schooling. Each one of these groups is constantly fighting to be noticed, or not noticed in some cases. Every one of them, as subtle as it may be, knows where the other stands in their eyes. The video â€Å"People like us: Social Class in America† depictions’ were very accurate in that they provided a wide spectrum of viewing for the uneducated eye. The video allowed anyone to realize how people in different classes than his or her own are perceived. The video did an especially good job on defining what social class is as well as exhibiting what social classes exist on the high school level. â€Å"People like us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showed the varying social classes which exist in any high school such as the Geeks, the Jocks, the Preppy girls and boys, the loud Hispanic girls, the loud Black girls, the abrasive and dangerous Black and Hispanic boys, the Goths, the Artsy kids, the Theatre types, the Smart Asians; the list could go on and on. The video hit the nail right on the head. High School is just a conglomeration of cliques who want nothing do with the other based on the unwritten rules of high school hierarchy. It was a real shock to see what some of the students had to say about the others. Some of the comments a particular girl made about â€Å"the kids not like us†, referring to herself, left my mouth gaping wide open. The one thing I noticed above all was that the less sheltered students were a lot more open to others than the ones who had been given everything their entire lives. I believe the video was a good model as to the various characteristics assigned to various classes throughout the world. Class exists in any environment, whether it is school, the workplace, or any social gathering; there will always exist some form of prejudice based on your class. The people on the top of the class ladder create a mold in which they expect all others to follow. Anyone who doesn’t is automatically dubbed an outcast because he or she is different. This is especially true of people of a different race. There is almost a direct relationship between race and class. Ones race almost seems to hold down ones class. You can ask any black or latino well off family how their neighbors truly view them, and you will be shocked. One can be just as rich as the man next to him, but he will  always be dubbed rich†¦for a black man, or rich†¦for a latino. It is a fact among real estate agents that when a minority family moves into an all white neighborhood the actual market value of the surrounding homes drops severely. Why is that? It is because race has a direct relationship with class. Class can only bring you so far. In conclusion, Classism is an ever-present prejudice that most all of us face in our everyday lives. We see it in our schools, places of work as well as ordinary nights out. Classism in the United States is a very big, yet silent prejudice that is continually causing many problems in our society, especially in the ranks of our youth. Videos like â€Å"People like us: Social Class in America† allow us to see classism through lense of the youth of America, informing us of the problems put forth this prejudice. Only by realizing the problem can we step forth and attempt to resolve it.

Film Reviews Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Film Reviews - Research Paper Example The documentary is also punctuated by various statistics that detail Americans diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the epidemic’s earlier years. The documentary relates and narrates the lives of Dr. Tom Waddell, who founded Gay Games, a young hemophiliac David Mandell, Robert Perryman who got AIDS by injecting drugs, Jeffrey Sevcik who was gay, and David Campbell who was a veteran in the US Navy. As well as their personal stories, the film documents the delayed response to AIDS by the Reagan administration using archival footage of government officials (Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt), reactions by medical practitioners, and the initial attempts by gay men to use the AIDS issue to organize the community. The documentary clearly brings into focus the AIDS era, although it does not break any new ground that has not already been covered. However, what makes this film important is that it creates and documents a historical era during which hysteria on AIDS and its relation to the g ay community was starting to turn to compassion for those who were infected. It seems to tell that this only occurred at the end of the Reagan administration, which, from the film, considered the disease to be a moral issue and not a public healthcare issue. The film narrates how AIDS broke barriers between middle class families of heterosexual leaning and the gay community in finding a common ground. One touching moment was when the Mandell family asserted they were middle-class Americans who, when it came to AIDS, found out that there was no Middle America as everyone who was affected clung to one another. Every story in this documentary is well narrated by those who survived the victims and who are on the quilt. The film draws sympathy as Sally Perryman talks about Robert, her husband, and the way he struggled to end his drug addiction until he died of AIDS. There is heartbreak when the Mandell family takes the viewer through the pictures and videos of their son, as he became sic ker, while their struggle with prejudice from their community shows how stigmatizing the disease still was in the 80s. The film also discusses the life of Vito Russo, who originally wrote The Celluloid Closet prior to his death from AIDS in his prime. However, the story, which is most revealing is Tracy Torrey’s, whose partner David Campbell died, as he also is. He is shown on his bed dying with lesions and unable to rise from his bed. This film is a chilling look into how AIDS affected the entire country without discrimination. Silverlake Life: The View from Here (1993) This film documents the experiences that TOM Joslin, a film professor at UCLA, and his partner Mark Massi after Tom’s AIDS diagnosis (Silverlake Life: The View from Here). The film traces his struggles as he tries to cope with an AIDS diagnosis, especially their trip to New Hampshire for a Christmas celebration that Joslin believes is the last with his family, which has refused to accept his partner fo r the last 22 years. As the documentary progresses, the filmmaker makes it clear that the love between the two partners is what has made the disease bearable for Joslin. The filming continues after Tom’s demise, showing the manner in which the undertakers and other people handle his body through the filming work of Peter Friedman, his friend, who chronicles Massi’s acceptance by the family following Joslin’s demise. This documentary does not have overt political statements and acts only as a record of the experiences of two lovers as one of them dies from an incurable disease. The first-person diary style used to shoot the film enables the viewer to see the intensity of

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Land Law - Essay Example Hay hence making the deals legitimate. Rose has a claim on the farm even if she is not in the legal documents as part of the farm. According to the Law of property Act 1925, land ownership revolved around equity and Common law1. Additionally, land had a trustee when there was more than one owner. For instance, this case Major Thorn is the trustee and representing Rose2. 2) When Mr. Hay was buying the property, he bought it with all the rights hence making all other things that are in the farm belong to Mr. Hay. Major Thorn did not disclose to Mr. Hay about the previous lease agreement that he made with Mr. Wood in 2007 when he was selling the farm to Mr. Hay. This make Mr. Hay not bound to the agreement between Mr. Wood and Major Thorn. It is up to Major Thorn to sort out Mr. Wood because he did not disclose this information to Mr. Hay during the transaction. However, Mr. Wood can opt to buy the cottage because the lease agreement states that in case Major Thorn decides to sell the f arm, Mr. Wood can buy the cottage. The other reason as to why Mr. Hay is not legally bound by Mr. Woods rights is because Major Thorn had the registration title to the farm hence making it his without this other agreements coming to light hence it is only prudent that Major Thorn deals with Mr. wood without involving Mr. Hay in the resolution3. 3) In the case of Mr. Plant, Mr. Hay has every right to stop him from passing through his farm even if they have been using the shortcut for a long time. The reason for this is that everything in that particular land including paths, waterways, gardens, trees, mines and passages belong to Mr. Hay. These items pass automatically to the new farm owner after sale of the property. For instance, the path that Mr. Plant has been using as a shortcut to a local pub belongs to Mr. Hay and he cannot use it if Mr. Hay does not allow it. It is needless to itemize these things in the contract because they pass automatically after sale hence the use of the field by Mr. Plant will not bind Mr. Hay. 4) In the case of the ornamental bronze statue, Mr. Hay had every right to be furious. This is because when he was signing the contract with Major Thorn the statue was on the farm and Major Thorn did not disclose to Mr. Hay that the statue was not part of the agreement only to come and remove it after signing of the contracts. However, the statue was a fixture hence part of the land because the way Major Thorn installed it, the intention was never to remove it from that land. He used heavy lifting equipment in order to put the statue in position in fact causing a scene in the village. These are some of the strong signs that represent a fixture hence Major Thorn was not supposed to remove it after sale of the firm. One of the most famous cases in this particular area is Australian Provincial Assurance v. Coroneo. The main concern of the court was theater equipment for instance projectors, chairs and generator that were in the theatre. The co urt ruled that if any item was in the theatre and did not stand on its own weight then that particular object was a chattel and the burden of proof lied on the does not agree. However, if the object had an attachment to the property using any form of support then it was a fixture. Similarly, the burden of proof remains on the person who does not agree. In the case of Major Thorn, the elephant statue was part of the firm because it had attachment

Considering your lifetime goals, discuss how your current and future Essay - 1

Considering your lifetime goals, discuss how your current and future academic and extra-curricular activities might help you achieve your goals - Essay Example r, the main motivators for me to choose computer engineering over mechanical engineering were the following: first and foremost, computer engineering is such a relevant course at this point in time. It is a well known fact that computers are part and parcel of our every day activity. This is one field that is a key driver of innovation in several fields such as education, communication, business as well as entertainment. I am a very curious person and naturally would like to be part of this tremendous change. Secondly computer engineering is a challenging as well as creative field. There are various applications of computer engineering that makes for extremely challenging and creative projects. This is therefore to mean that working as a computer specialist exposes one to such activities as provision of security for extremely sensitive information, development of systems capable of processing scientific data, creation of web-based applications, developing software for innovative mobi le devices as well as many more. This makes the work interesting and leaves one yearning and curious for his/her next venture. Thirdly, computer engineering is one of the most lucrative fields in the world. Computer engineers are some of the highly paid professionals since they are forever in high demand. Thus computer engineering is a dynamic field and is amongst the top fields for exciting and fresh job growth all through the remaining better part of this century. The future, without any doubt, is full of promises and there is no doubt at all that computers are permeating every part of our culture. With technology changing every day, no one can tell for sure what exciting possibilities one’s career may take. This therefore makes me want the more, to be in a strategic position where I can contribute in this great transformation of our society, unlike mechanical engineering which lacks that (Garner, 2003). In addition, I am very particular about my future plans and for this reason I

Critically Evaluate Project Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critically Evaluate Project Plan - Essay Example The main difference between leadership and management is how they motivate people as managers motivate their subordinates through communicating while leaders persuade their followers to remain committed to the shared vision (Northouse 2010). The managers react to changes in the built environment while leaders create change. Accordingly, managers exercise their control and power while leaders develop power within their people (Alizor 2011). The managers will try to maintain status quo through organizing and directing project tasks while leaders set new directions and perspectives that challenge the existing status quo in housing projects (Lussier and Achua 2010). Autocratic leadership style involves making decisions without consulting the subordinates and project managers often use this leadership style in emergency situations. Autocratic leadership may lead to team hostility and high dependence on the leader thus it is ineffective in the delegation of tasks (Burke and Barron 2014). Harrell (2008) outlines that the approach requires close supervision, but it is appropriate in making faster decisions. Transactional leadership style will involve the use of formal job descriptions, authority and formal job output expectations to implement a dwelling project. The approach to leadership leads to less job satisfaction. Laissez-faire leadership style is a hands-off approach to leadership whereby the leader provides the required resources and tools for the successful completion of the dwelling project (Lussier and Achua 2010). The subordinates are free to make their own decisions and it is effective when the subordinates are highly experienced and mo tivated. The approach is not ideal where the team members have not prior experience in executing successful dwelling projects.

Outcast Theme in American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outcast Theme in American Literature - Essay Example The leader was well aware of how much supportive press leaders who were behind him, such as John F. Kennedy, has gotten for their political support of arts, as well as how much goodwill the support of arts has generated home and internationally (Mihalache 34). He anticipated that through establishing a federal art agency that he might gunner more endorsement from the East Coast liberal development, which opposed most of his policies. The endorsement of arts is what constituted to the American outcast. Americas, prior to the â€Å"arts act,† were not always kind to the artists or people who basically opted to pull out of the traditional way of life so as to arrive at some knowledge and some individual integrity. The scientists, on the other hand, always seemed to receive all the praise whereas arts and humanities received mostly negatively reviews (Mihalache 34). The American outcast theme is also portrayed infamous American literature such as Rye, Huckleberry Finn, The Great G atsby, Scarlet Letter, Star Wars and Finding Nemo (Mihalache 35). All these works have the major theme of the main protagonist breaking away from the traditional way of life to living by trying to fulfil way the society has set for them but instead fulfil what they have set for themselves. Historically, the outcast arose from the mystique concerning frontier life (Mihalache 35). The Frontier Life, also referred to as the Turner Thesis, was an argument developed by historian Frederick Turner back in 1893, which held that American democracy was developed by the country’s frontier. As the 1774 to 1778 Governor of Virginia argued, Americans, at all times, think of a land that is far off even though they seem content with the one that they are already settled. The governor went on to say that if Americans attained paradise, they would still move on with the slightest chance of being promised an advanced place (Mihalache 35).

Group Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Behavior - Essay Example Successful management of the conflict makes the team stronger. Knowing the origin of a conflict helps a leader determine whether it is functional or dysfunctional. Functional conflicts are productive while the dysfunctional conflicts are disruptive. Common sources of conflict in the team are the limitation of resources and the values, attitudes, goals, roles, personalities, interdependency and interaction of the team members. Allan C. Amazon has identified two types of conflict, namely the cognitive conflict and the affective conflict. Amazon’s research suggests that both types of conflicts are necessarily present in any kind of group, with the cognitive conflict being productive and the affective conflict being disruptive. Cognitive conflicts lead to the personal growth of the team members, identification of a workable solution, increased integration and cohesiveness of the team members whereas the affective conflicts lead to unresolved problems, waste of energy, decline in t he team’s morale and team division. Training of the team members in such core competencies as knowledge of conflict resolution methods, entrustment and cooperation are fundamental to the success of a team. The Monmouth University proposes a five-stage conflict management strategy. The five stages are awareness of the conflict resolution, training of conflict resolution, mediation, reinforcement workshops and program institutionalization. Conflict resolution requires a leader to remain impartial and promote mutual understanding among the team members. To help prevent the conflict from occurring, the leader should establish ground rules at the outset, develop team agreement on the way to resolve conflict, train the team members on communication skills, and focus on the team’s objectives. There are numerous reactive strategies that a leader may adopt to resolve the conflict. The leader can either adopt an authoritative style, a splitting

Reflection paper The roles of the olympic game Essay

Reflection paper The roles of the olympic game - Essay Example The Games have highlighted the position of the leaders who have been a pioneer in suppressing racism. It also has been far more effective in fighting with the forces of doping and eliminating them. The example of Seoul Olympic Games could be seen as force that led to the democratization of the country. After the end of the Olympic Games in Seoul, the military rule in Korea was replaced by the regime of a multiparty that has been elected by the people. The Olympic Games have also provided a platform to the host nation to portray their economic dominance and a scope to establish their position as the world leader. The award of the Olympic Games to the host nation is also the recognition of the international community as place that has the infrastructure and the potential to hold international events. Hover, the characteristic features professed by the Olympic Games have contradicted themselves. This has been evident on a number of occasions that include the integration of the Nazi regi me in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. The massacre of student protestors during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City is also an example which does not reflect the true spirit of the Olympic Games. Awarding the Olympic Games to Korea is another example which contradicts the principles and spirit of the Games. These factors were important for the consideration in context of the Olympic Games in Beijing, 2008. Integration of readings The history of Olympic Games suggests that the greatest international event on sports in earth has always spread the message of peace, harmony and democratization of the world economy. It has also recognized the leadership position of the host nation in making economic progress and in effectively suppressing the forces of racism and discrimination. The contradictions to these virtues of Olympic Games held in the past showed ominous signs for the Olympic games of Beijing, 2008. In the past, the Berlin Games of 1936 showed acceptance of the Nazi regime as anti-humanist forces. The 1968 Games in the Mexico City also witnessed massacre of the student protestors. These negative incidents were likely to be accepted through the Olympic Games in Beijing, 2008 as China got involved in several international incidents that affected its international image adversely (Horne and  Whannel 67). As compared to the earlier instances in Berlin and Mexico City, the public image of the Chinese economy worsened even more. The incidents include the continuous repression of China over the territories of Tibet, failure in intervening in Darfur, Sudan and the lack of safety and environmental pollution of the exported goods. It was, therefore, a concern that the Olympic Games has again been awarded to a country that is not able to sustain its international positions as per the virtues and principles of the Games. Critical analysis The Olympic Games have been a platform which was used by the host nations over the period of history to portray their economic dominance in the international stage. The Olympic Games have always spread the message of harmony and peace and recognized the host nation as the flag holder of their virtues and principles. The international image of the countries that hosted the Olympic Games has been a significant factor against the forces of racism and discrimination. The Seoul Olympic Games led to the democratization of Korea. The Olympic Games were awarded at a time when South Korea was in a state of war with North Korea.