How To Make Copper Acetate from Copper

You can make copper acetate  [Cu(CH3COO)2] from common household materials to use in science projects and to grow natural blue-green crystals. Heres what you do: Materials You only need three simple ingredients to prepare copper acetate from copper metal: Copper (e.g., copper wire or pennies minted before 1982)Hydrogen peroxideWhite vinegar Procedure Mix equal parts vinegar and hydrogen peroxide.Heat the mixture. You can bring it to a boil so that youre certain its hot enough, but once you reach that temperature, you can turn down the heat.Add copper. For a small amount of liquid, try about 5 pennies or a strip of copper wire. If you are using wire, make sure it is uncoated.Initially, the mixture will bubble and become cloudy. The solution will turn blue as copper acetate is produced.Wait for this reaction to proceed. Once the liquid clears up, heat the mixture until all the liquid is gone. Collect the solid, which is copper acetate. Alternatively, you can remove the mixture from heat, place the container in a place where it wont be disturbed, and wait for copper acetate monohydrate [Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O]  crystals to deposit on the copper. Copper Acetate Uses Copper acetate is used as a fungicide, catalyst, oxidizer, and as a blue-green pigment for making paint and other art supplies. The blue-green crystals are easy enough to grow as a beginner crystal-growing project. More Chemicals to Make Copper acetate isnt the only chemical you can make from common materials. Make Copper Sulfate: Copper sulfate can be used to grow bright blue crystals.Make Sodium Acetate (Hot Ice): Sodium acetate is produced from the reaction between baking soda and vinegar.Make Ammonium Nitrate: Make ammonium nitrate by reacting nitric acid and ammonia.

Article Review Casino Bonuses - 1799 Words

Article 4 – Casino bonuses – What’s in it for online casinos? From the moment you visit Google and input the term â€Å"online casino†, you are going to presented with page after page of casino bonuses, all of which offer you the chance to â€Å"win big† and â€Å"play for free†. While it is great to see the online casinos working hard to draw in new customers, questions have to be raised about the legitimacy of these â€Å"free play† offers. Reason being because if they are what they say they are, how can the online casinos keep affording to do it? What’s in it for an online casino when you take them up on their â€Å"free money† offer? Calculating the cost Let me start by telling you this, there is no such thing as â€Å"free money† when it comes to the world of online gambling. Not matter which bonus you accept, free play, free spin, matched deposit, no deposit, you can expect that you will have to work hard to really have true access to it. In order to â€Å"unlock† your casino bonus you need to meet what is usually a loaded checklist of criteria. Wagering requirements are the element that usually means that you â€Å"free bonus† cost a little more than you expect. When evaluating the true cost of a casino bonus I recommend you take a good look at the following elements with regards to its use: †¢ Wagering requirement †¢ Game contributing percentage †¢ House edge Wagering requirement This is the big thing to consider and is the main way that online casinos make money, so wagering requirements are somethingShow MoreRelatedKeyword : Best Bingo Sites Reviews Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesSites Reviews Find out Best Bingo Sites Reviews Find the world’s Best Bingo Sites Reviews before to begin playing online. What are the Best Bingo Sites Reviews Online? There are millions of online bingo review sites available in the market today. 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St. Lunatics free essay sample

Are you the type who only listens toone kind of music? Well, take a chance and listen to something different: rhythmdancing music. The St. Lunatics are a new group flying up the charts. You mayknow the star soloist, Nelly. The group also includes Ali, Kewjaun, Merphy, andCity Spud. The St. Lunatics are a hip-hop group from St. Louis. You maythink all rap artists have similar lyrics and use the same beats continuously,but the St. Lunatics have a different, upbeat rhythm and stylish lyrics. Mostpeople assume that hip-hop artists have, shall we say, a unique way of expressingtheir lyrics. One reason to get this CD is to let the St. Lunatics proveotherwise. The song Groovin Tonight, featuring Brian McKnight, showsthey can have heartwarming love songs too. If youre in the mood to listento hip-hop, the St. Lunatics are a great choice. This CD does have some foullanguage, but its also available without it. We will write a custom essay sample on St. Lunatics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am sure you will be pleased withthe new and stellar beats and lyrics.

Final Exam free essay sample

If a firm in a purely competitive industry is confronted with an equilibrium price of $5, its marginal revenue: A. will be greater than $5 B. will also be $5 C. will be less than $5 D. may be either greater or less than $5 2) A firm that is motivated by self interest should: A. always use large amounts of cheap inputs and small amounts of expensive inputs in producing its output B. hire each input so the productivity of each is equal at the margin C. always use large amounts of the most productive inputs and small amounts of the least productive inputs in producing its output employ the combination of resources that will produce the profit-maximizing output at the minimum cost 3) If price is above the equilibrium level, competition among sellers to reduce the resulting: A. shortage will increase quantity demanded and decrease quantity supplied B. surplus will increase quantity demanded and decrease quantity supplied C. c. a special account used instead of a trial balance. d. used for accounts that have both a debit and credit balance. 6. Which of the following correctly identifies normal balances of accounts? a. AssetsDebit LiabilitiesCredit Stockholders EquityCredit RevenuesDebit ExpensesCredit b. AssetsDebit LiabilitiesCredit Stockholders EquityCredit RevenuesCredit ExpensesCredit c. AssetsCredit LiabilitiesDebit Stockholders EquityDebit RevenuesCredit ExpensesDebit d. AssetsDebit LiabilitiesCredit Stockholders EquityCredit RevenuesCredit ExpensesDebit 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Debits increase assets and increase liabilities. b. Credits decrease assets and decrease liabilities. c. Credits decrease assets and increase liabilities. . Debits decrease liabilities and decrease assets. 8. The revenue recognition principle dictates that revenue should be recognized in the accounting records a. when cash is received. b. when it is earned. c. at the end of the month. d. in the period that income taxes are paid. 9. Under accrual-basis accounting a. cash must be received before revenue is recognized. b. net income is calculated by matching cash outflows against cash inflows. c. events that change a companys financial statements are recognized in the period they occur rather than in the period in which cash is paid or eceived. d. the ledger accounts must be adjusted to reflect a cash basis of accounting before financial statements are prepared under generally accepted accounting principles 10. Expenses incurred but not yet paid or recorded are called a. prepaid expenses. b. accrued expenses. c. interim expenses. d. unearned expenses. 11. Accumulated Depreciation is a. an expense account. b. a stockholders equity account. c. a liability account. d. a contra asset account. 12. Sue Smiley has performed $500 of CPA services for a client but has not billed the client as of the end of the accounting period. What adjusting entry must Sue make? a. Debit Cash and credit Unearned Revenue b. Debit Accounts Receivable and credit Unearned Revenue c. Debit Accounts Receivable and credit Service Revenue d. Debit Unearned Revenue and credit Service Revenue 13. After the adjusting entries are journalized and posted to the accounts in the general ledger, the balance of each account should agree with the balance shown on the a. adjusted trial balance. b. post-closing trial balance. c. the general journal. d. adjustments columns of the worksheet. 14. The net income (or loss) for the period . is found by computing the difference between the income statement credit column and the balance sheet credit column on the worksheet. b. cannot be found on the worksheet. c. is found by computing the difference between the income statement columns of the worksheet. d. is found by computing the difference between the trial balance totals and the adjusted trial balance totals. 15. The income statement and balance s heet columns of Pine Companys worksheet reflects the following totals: Income Statement Balance Sheet Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Totals$58,000$48,000$34,000$44,000 The net income (or loss) for the period is a. $48,000 income. b. $10,000 income. c. $10,000 loss. d. not determinable. 16. Earnings per share is a. net income divided by the number of common shares outstanding. b. the market price of the stock divided by the number of shares outstanding. c. gross profit divided by the number of common shares outstanding d. reported on the balance sheet. 17. All of the following are measures of profitability except a. working capital. b. profit margin. c. return on common stockholders’ equity. d. return on assets. 18. The principle that requires circumstances and events that make a difference to financial statement users be reported is the a. cost principle. b. full disclosure principle. c. matching principle. d. revenue recognition principle. 19. Companies that are subject to, but fail to comply with, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 a. may do so legally by obtaining an exemption. b. will be automatically dissolved. c. may be subject to fines and officer imprisonment. d. may be forced to sell their foreign subsidiaries. 20. An example of poor internal control is a. The accountant should not have physical custody of the asset nor access to it. b. The custodian of an asset should not maintain or have access to the accounting records. c. One person should be responsible for handling related transactions. d. A salesperson makes the sale, and a different person ships the goods 21. Having one person post entries to accounts receivable subsidiary ledger and a different person post to the Accounts Receivable Control account in the general ledger is an example of a. inadequate internal control. b. duplication of effort. c. external verification. d. segregation of duties. 22. Walker Clothing Store had a balance in the Accounts Receivable account of $780,000 at the beginning of the year and a balance of $820,000 at the end of the year. Net credit sales during the year amounted to $8,000,000. The average collection period of the receivables in terms of days was a. 30 days. b. 365 days. c. 10 days. d. 37 days. 23. Ratios are used as tools in financial analysis a. instead of horizontal and vertical analyses. b. because they may provide information that is not apparent from inspection of the individual components of the ratio. c. because even single ratios by themselves are quite meaningful. . because they are prescribed by GAAP. 24. The information provided in the notes that accompany financial statements is required because of the a. cost principle. b. full disclosure principle. c. matching principle. d. revenue recognition principle. 25. Which of the following is a true statement about closing the books of a corporation? a. Expenses are closed to the Expens e Summary account. b. Only revenues are closed to the Income Summary account. c. Revenues and expenses are closed to the Income Summary account. d. Revenues, expenses, and the dividends account are closed to the Income Summary account.

Brand New Concert free essay sample

To promote their new album, â€Å"Daisy,† alternative rock band Brand New embarked on a U.S. tour for six months. Every time Brand New comes to town, fans anticipate a promising experience. Whether frontman Jesse Lacey plays â€Å"Degausser† twice halfway through the set and storms off early or plays old favorites in an encore, something intriguing and unexpected is bound to occur. So after being shoved around for 30 minutes in an annoying crowd, I finally made my way near the front as Brand New was about to begin. They started with â€Å"You Wont Know,† a song that comes in softly, then hits the chorus hard with energy. The fans surrounding me were singing so loudly that I could hardly hear Lacey. Despite the solid sound, the band didnt seem too into it, which isnt unusual, as their emotions really tend to come out in more recent songs. The first number they played off â€Å"Daisy† was â€Å"Vices,† their most aggressive song. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand New Concert or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was sure Lacey would go bonkers! But the band looked almost bored, which perplexed me. When they finished their set and exited the stage, the lights came on immediately before the crowd could even think to chant â€Å"One more song!† Is this it? No encore? No emotion? I hate to say it, but I wished that Lacey had been miserable. At least then we would have witnessed some raw emotion or maybe even seen him throw his guitar at the drum set as he has in the past. I wondered if he was too happy to let his melancholy songs affect him. This was not the Jesse Lacey that fans have come to know. I was hoping to have something to talk about with my friends who missed the show. But now, all I can say is that they played and performed well – good for a music fan, but disappointing for a longtime Brand New fan.

The Sopranos

The Sopranos: Peppers Paul McCartney, Wingspan: Hits and History Various artists, Moulin Rouge (Soundtrack) Emmylou Harris, Anthology: The Warner/Reprise Years The late Eva Cassidy's incredibly soulful, powerful voice takes flight on Songbird. From the traditional "Wayfaring Stranger" to Sting's "Fields of Gold" and Curtis Mayfield's "People Get Ready," Cassidy makes each song her own. More Cassidy in Folk: Get Editors' Recommendations by E-mail Sign-up for our Music Delivers, and we'll e-mail you expert recommendations and info on the latest releases by your favorite artists. And if you sign up for our Rock or Alternative Rock Delivers today, you could win a copy of R.E.M.'s brand-new Reveal CD autographed by all three members of the band! Here are our sweepstakes rules. The Sopranos: Peppers Paul McCartney, Wingspan: Hits and History Various artists, Moulin Rouge (Soundtrack) Emmylou Harris, Anthology: The Warner/Reprise Years

Mobile telephone ( listening and reading, with vocabulary ) Assignment

Mobile telephone ( listening and reading, with vocabulary ) - Assignment Example In cases of emergencies such as accidents, mobile phones can be used to call the police. On the other hand, mobile phones also provide us with entertainment such as music or videos and they are also capable of storing a lot of data such as music videos, contacts as well as pictures. The mobile phones also have other applications such as word, spreadsheets, internet, alarm, camera, convertors and many other functions. As such, I chose this topic because mobile phones help us in different ways in our daily lives. 2 What was it about? Both the video and the article selected are about the importance of mobile phones in our lives. The video uses attractive pictures of the cell phones which show different models of phones available on the market. The video shows different types of cell phones and specific features about them and the article in particular outlines the important functions of cell phones. 3 Did you read or listen first? Why? Do you think the order you chose helped you or not? How many times did you need to read & listen before you felt confident about understanding the topic and vocabulary? How do you feel about this topic, e.g. positive or negative feelings? Do you agree/disagree with the ideas?† I listened and watched the video then proceeded to read the article. I repeated the process so as to get a clear understanding of the message presented in the article as well as the video clip as well. The vocabulary used in the video and the article is very simple. I did not find any new word that was confusing since the vocabulary used was easy to understand. I felt confident after reading the article and watching the video. This topic is very interesting and I have positive feelings about it given that some of us cannot live without cell phones. I have also discovered that cell phones have become an important part of our lives since we can use them to communicate or perform other work since they have many functions similar to computers. In the modern day, we use mobile phones to do a lot of things which are related to our work and social needs. I agree with the ideas suggested in the video and the article about the importance of mobile phones. 4. Did you learn anything new from this reading & listening? What? Since I also use a mobile phone on a daily basis, I did not learn anything new about this topic. 5. Was this topic connected in any way to your future studies and if so, how do you think you can find out more about it? Somehow, the topic is connected to my future studies since I use the mobile phone to perform a lot of functions such as researching different subjects related to my area of study. 6. What was easy/ difficult about it? The topic was easy to understand since the article was written in simple terms and was straight forward. The video also showed attractive images and it explained in detail the advantages of using a mobile phone in our lives. I realised that the mobile phones can enable us to reach people in diff erent parts of the world from anywhere. We use cell phones every day so I did not discover anything new about this topic. I can safely say that the topic was not difficult in any way. 7. Which was the more challenging aspect, the reading, or the listening? Why? There was nothing so challenging in reading the article and watching the video. The article in particular outlined more details that were clearly explained

Benefits of Going Green. Improving the Environmental and Ethical Image Essay

Benefits of Going Green. Improving the Environmental and Ethical Image of a Restaurant - Essay Example It is practically one of the biggest business trends of the last quarter of a century alongside adoption of computers and the internet. This then begs the question; what has prompted organizations to take up green ways? Investigations into the issue point to the fact that going green is not just empty trend, but a powerful strategy to gain competitive advantage for organizations in modern times. It enables a company to create a good corporate image and reduce costs thus maximizing profitability. Although there is evidence to support this, several companies have still not found going green a strategy worth pursuing. Hence, this part of the paper explores what going green entails and the benefits it accrues to businesses especially in the automobile industry, the food industry and the accounting/audit industry, which can be extrapolated to any other businesses. What is â€Å"Going Green?† Going green in a business is usually defined as the practice of monitoring, reducing and measuring the environmental and social costs of conducting business (Polimeni et al. 2010). Going green generally involves reducing wastes, decreasing use of energy and adoption of recycling techniques. Depending on the industry, strategies for going green include cutting on paper work, encouraging employees to car-pool, giving incentives to employees to adopt green technologies such as buying hybrid vehicles, reusable water bottles and using alternative sources of energy among others. A company that wishes to go green needs to make it a policy and communicate this to its employees. The policy should contain the company’s commitment to go green and the proposed strategies of doing this as appropriate to the company. The management should be committed to adopt these strategies in order to make employees follow suit. Benefits of Going Green The benefits of adopting green strategies are wide and varied across all industries, especially with the recent global economic melt-down. Case examples of industries that have adopted these strategies and the benefits they have accrued are studied and general benefits accrued discussed at the end. One of the biggest sectors that is directly affected and directly influences all other organizations in terms of the environment is the automobile industry. Vehicle manufacturers are at the forefront of adoption of green technologies, and thus the increasing emphasis on hybrid and electric vehicle. Robinson’s and Schroelder’s (2009) study of Subaru Indiana Automotive Inc. illustrates that through green principles and efficiency improves not only environmental conservation but also profits plus competitive advantages. Employees at every level in the company continuously pursue strategies to increase efficiency, reduce production of wastes and also reduce energy consumption. The strategies have resulted in 14% reduction of ele ctricity consumption since the year 2000, plus the company has not taken any wastes to the depository since 2004 as of 2009. The company has saved on costs in both long term and short term basis, with habits such as dimming lights when workers are on a break reaping immediate savings on costs. Other strategies such as redesigning processes initially increased costs but they have over time resulted in cost-saving. The two authors also found out that going green in the company involves detailed scrutiny of operations and new perspectives, which lead to innovations that create competitive advan

Do Nurses' Empathy affect the outcome of care Literature review

Do Nurses' Empathy affect the outcome of care - Literature review Example This section of the research study, will provide a comprehensive understanding with regard to the theoretical aspects of the study with the assistance of various facts, information, as well as opinion gathered from secondary sources such as journals and literatures.Thus, this chapter of the study will provide an in-depth and comprehensive view regarding the role of empathy within the healthcare sector along with improving the outcome of care in healthcare practice. According to Decety (2010), empathy is regarded as the one’s ability to understand and respond to other’s perception through properly understanding what others are thinks and feels. Besides, in the human life empathy plays an important role in providing effective and motivational base to eradicate key issues prevailing within an individual. Similarly, Battarbee & et. al. (2012) affirmed that empathy is the ability to become aware, sensible, understand and sensitive towards other’s feeling, behaviour and attitudes. McColgin (2012) highlighted that empathy is intellectual identification of the situation in the similar manner as other’s are identified. Besides, it can also perceive to be sharing the same set of emotion with different people altogether. Additionally, it has also been affirmed that weather people feel empathy over other or not they all are dependent on different aspects amid each other. The level of empathy differs on the basis of individualâ €™s behaviour and societies. The personal contacts among the people and the experiences that they share among their group are also among the most significant factors that builds empathy among people. Besides, with the advancement and transformation of technology and its impact over different stakeholders has also augmented the importance of the concept of empathy in the real practice, as one’s perception will have immense impact over the others (McColgin, 2012). On the other hand, Decety (2011)

Historical Investigation Into The Bomb Dropping In Japan History Essay

Historical Investigation Into The Bomb Dropping In Japan History Essay This historical investigation will examine the Manhattan Project and the use of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Why did the United States pursue the Manhattan Project, and why did the United States decide to drop the atomic bombs on Japan? This investigation is conducted using qualitative analysis of articles and books about the development of the atomic bombs and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Articles were chosen from media and scholarly sources, including the New York Times and the Journal of American History. In addition, a recent book published about the bombing of Japan was chosen for its relevance to the investigations central questions. These sources were all chosen because they provide impartial evidence and facts and present numerous sides of the issues. Summary of Evidence Beginning in 1945, and completed during the same year, The Manhattan Project was basically defined by the development of the most dangerous bombs known thus far to the world: nuclear weapons that could destroy more land and more citizens than the world had ever considered possible. The Project was rushed, mainly because of Trumans desire to avoid an invasion of Japan, which would have resulted in a catastrophic number of casualties. As a result, Truman chose to stop the war altogether through the use of the largest bomb ever used in warfare, also referred to as the A-bomb (Gewen, 2008). But prior to the building of the atomic bomb, Japan was on the verge of collapse anyhow. The Germans knew they were defeated, but continued to fight to the bitter end. According to most historians, the only thing America had left to do was drop the bomb on Hiroshima, and then Nagasaki, in order to absolutely ensure the surrender of Japan, and the end of World War II (Gewen, 2008). Opinions about whether or not America should have dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima vary. Arguments for and against the bombing continue even today. The bombing of Hiroshima has been referred to as Americas Auschwitz, by many, because of the mass genocide in Hiroshima that happened when the bomb was dropped (Gewen, 2008). New York Times writer Gewen points out how American mainstream society was absolutely ecstatic over the development of a bomb that could instantly destroy the enemy. Like Truman, America desperately wanted to see the war come to an end, and the new weapon meant a faster victory for America. It also meant the likely scrapping of a planned invasion of Japan with its incalculable loss of lives (Hiroshima, 1995, para. 7). Prior to the bombing, the number of United States soldiers casualties was already astoundingly high. In Okinawa alone, by the summer of 1945, United States casualties were huge. There were 12,500 soldiers dead, and another 36,600 wounded (Hiroshima, 1995). As a result, Trumans strategy to end the war with newly created nuclear weapons was, in general, embraced by the American public. Government officials wholeheartedly agreed with the decision as well (Hiroshima, 1995). For example, Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, and Trumans new Secretary of State, James Byrnes, agreed that the new nuclear weapon would be very useful in relations with Moscow after the war ended, but they disagreed on whether or not changes needed to be made to Americas unconditional surrender policy in order to allow for the possibility of peace between the two countries (Hiroshima, 1995). Thus, the rush to create the A-bomb began. Evaluation of Sources Hambys article in the Journal of American History is essential for this investigation because it provides a varied account of the numerous sides in historical scholarship about the dropping of the bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Hambys article notes that there are scholars who believe that the United States could have ended the war with Japan without a land invasion of the homeland and without dropping the bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. In other words, hundreds of thousands of civilians who died from the nuclear blasts could have been spared if the U.S. pursued diplomacy with the Japanese leadership. However, Hamby also documents the evidence in the historical scholarship that contradicts this premise. There is strong evidence, Hamby notes, that the Japanese leadership never would have surrendered, and thus an invasion of the Japanese homeland would have been required, killing hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. Max Hastings book, Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944-1945, claims that the myth that the Japanese were ready to surrender anyway has been so comprehensively discredited by modern research that it is astonishing some writers continue to give it credence (Hastings, 2009, p. xix). However, Hastings does not believe this justified the use of the atomic bombs against civilian populations. Rather, he simply states that the Japanese military leadership would never surrender without an extraordinary military defeat, or the demonstration of the atomic bombs. Hastings thus suggests that the United States could have tested the bombs on military targets rather than civilian targets. Yet the most interesting premise of Hastings book is the fact that the American people desired retribution against the Japanese. The U.S. and the Allied powers had already killed nearly 1 million German and Japanese civilians through air bombings, so the use of the atomic bombs was not considered barbaric but rather the equivalent of firebombing major cities with the same results as an atomic blast. This sheds light on the mentalities in the United States about the targeting of civilians during World War II. It was accepted as necessary retribution. Analysis One of the questions that plague many historians are whether or not Japan would have surrendered even if they had not been bombed (Hiroshima, 1995). The question has initiated many heated debates among scholars. For instance, author and historian, Gar Alperovitz has studied the attack on Japan and the affect it had on post-war Japan extensively, and wholly disagrees with the decision. His latest project, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth, in which Alperovitz argues against the atomic bomb, has drawn wide attention (Hamby, 1997). Alperovitz argues that the atomic bomb was unnecessary to end World War II for many reasons. First, his thesis espouses that Japan was ready to surrender at the time the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and that the motives behind the bombing were therefore dishonest and self-serving (Hamby, 1997). He espouses that Japan would have likely surrendered sooner, if only the United States had enacted a modified surrender policy that ensured the continued Japanese Emperors reign on the throne (Hamby, 1997). In addition, Alperovitz points out that when the USSR entered the picture and allied with the United States in August of 1945, Japan would have more than likely surrendered shortly thereafter (Hamby, 1997). Alperovitz criticizes the failure of the government to implement a new version of Americas surrender policy, and the lack of public support for the modification in general. The decision, he states, was too rushed; this attitude simply kept the war going, when it could have been concluded far earlier than the use of the atomic bomb was deemed necessary (Hamby, 1997). In fact, Alperovitz espouses that the real reason Truman chose to approve the two bombings was largely done in order to show the Soviet Union how powerful America had become (Hamby, 1997). Mostly, America was concerned about possible interests the USSR had in Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia (Hamby, 1997). The monopoly of other countries by the USSR frightened the United States. More recently, writer Max Hastings has suggested that the bombing on Japan was a necessary action if the war was to stop, and limit the number of US casualties. This was, in part, due to the strong and powerful Japanese defenses that were often intimidating to American soldiers. In return, US soldiers found it necessary to bomb large areas of the city, despite being told to restrain themselves from massive firepower (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). The difference in cultures between the Filipinos and Americans was ignored. Conclusion Hastings claims that America at times considered avoiding civilian bombing out of respect for humanity and their moral standing with the Far East (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). Much to the chagrin of President MacArthurs subordinates, and as proof of Americas desire to show their respect for humanity, MacArthur refused to employ air bombings over Manila (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). It was only when the United States suffered 235 casualties in a single day that McArthur changed his strategy, allowing the troops to really go to town (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). In other words, according to Hastings argument, the United States had tried almost everything to establish some sort of peace with Japan, even if it was within the confines of war. As such, it was the Japanese who propagated the war, not America; therefore, America was forced to go to the extreme by using nuclear weapons. This example shows how retribution was firmly entrenched in the American mentality toward the Japanese, who started Wor ld War II with the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Americans cared more about ending the war without another American soldiers death, not about deaths of Japanese civilians.

The Portrayal of War in Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et Decoru

The Portrayal of War in Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum Est Both "Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred Lord Tennyson and "Dulce et Decorum est" by Wilfred Owen are poems about war. However, they were written in two very different contexts and about two very different wars. Charge of the Light Brigade describes a doomed cavalry charge made by British soldiers during The Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War (1854-1857). Dulce et Decorum est, on the other hand, tells the story of a group of soldiers who were caught in a gas attack returning from the trenches of World War I (1914-1918) towards their "distant rest". Alfred Lord Tennyson was the "Poet Laureate" at that time and wrote the poem after reading about The Battle of Balaclava in the "Times" newspaper. This could have influenced how he portrayed the battle as he used secondary information which could be unreliable. In contrast, Wilfred Owen had first hand battle experiences from World war I, and so you would expect his information to be more reliable, However he could have emphasised certain points for poetic effect. In Dulce et Decorum est Wilfred Owen uses a variety of similes metaphors and other poetic techniques to describe the actions, appearance and mental states of the soldiers. Owen describes the soldiers as "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags", this simile shows that the war has had a very large effect on the soldiers as it gives the impression that they have aged prematurely and are in a very bad state of health. Owen also says that they limped on "blood-shod, all went lame, all blind", also giving the impression that the soldiers are in a very bad state of health, this emphasi... ...rge of the Light Brigade Tennyson gives the impression that the British soldiers were fighting a loosing battle. Tennyson gives the impression to the reader that he is not against the war even if they were going to loose but he still praises the soldiers for what they did. In Charge of the Light Brigade Tennyson contradicts Owens views, and instead says that it is honourable to die for ones country even if you loose the battle. In general I prefer Dulce et Decorum est because of what the poem stands for, Dulce et Decorum est give the views that war is a terrible thing and Owen is very against it whereas Tennyson seems to be a lot more pro war. Works Cited L. Bensel-Meyers. Literary Culture: Reading and Writing Literary Arguments. New York: Pearson Custom P,2000. Napierkowski, Marie Rose and Mary K Ruby. â€Å"Poetry for Students.† Vol 1 Detroit: 1998.

Arugment for Less School Hours Essay

Most students drag themselves out of bed every morning only to find themselves deparately waiting for that last bell to ring, marking the end of a school day. Increasing hours and the days students have to attend will destroy students and cause problems for them. The result would be taxes increasing, extracurricular activities getting cut and an increase on stress for kids. Most teens do not come from a wealthy background. Therefore, they have to provide for themselves as well as save up for college. If schools were to be longer, many teens that need to work to help support themselves would have difficulty finding a job that will fit to their schedule. It may also be hard for teens to hold that job. Another reason why schools should not be loner is because longer days would mean little extracurricular activities. This is very crucial, since it is one of the key factors that help many teens get into their choice of college. Colleges not only look at their grades in high school, but also any activities they have done out of school. Additionally, no extracurricular activity prevents kids from exploring their true passion, limiting their opportunities. Finally, when students miss a few days due to sickness, they end up having to make to piles and piles of work. Now if student were to have longer days, there would be more work. This might unmotivated students, as they are overwhelmed by work. Many Naive people would say yes to lengthen the school days and try to argue that students would learn more because this would mean longer instructional time. However , studies show there is no correlation between the length of the school days and the student’s academic achievements. According to Amanda Morin, it is not about how long kids are in the classroom; but how engaged in learning they are. Also many people state that lengthing the school years would allow parents to save money, as they would not have to send their kids to day care or hire a babysitter, or have to pay for the expensive childcare or hire a babysitter, or have to pay for the expensive childcare programs. However, lengthening the school year would mean a dramatic increase in taxes on parents who are sending their children to school, in order to cover for the pay in teachers and the increase on staff to help run the school. There are many reasons why the school day should not be extended including the maintainance cost, extracurricular activities and keeping hold of jobs. Many students are already stressed out, therefor adding more days would increase that stress. Having school 35 hours a week is plenty and it would be absurd to change school hours or days.

Russia history essays

Russia history essays In reading Peter McPhee's book The French Revolution 1789 - 1799 he makes the argument that as he put it ...creating the environment within which capitalist industry and agriculture would thrive.1 There are two ways in which the revolution created this environment, first by maximizing the capital in which the merchants, manufacturers and farmers would have to spend to fuel this new economy. The way in which the facilitated this was to abolish the tithe, feudal dues, and tolls on internal trade, and to set up a laissez-faire and laissez-passer economy. The second way is by making resources cheap and available to all. In an agrarian society like France was in the years of the revolution the only resource you need is land, and this was made available trough the taking and selling of church lands, and through the clearing of forest and expansion into the wastelands. All of theses helped created the institutional foundations on which capitalism could thrive.2 Furthermore, help j ump-start the industrial revolution, which had already started in the north of England and was soon to start in the United States. France during the 1780's was a seigneurialism economy in which the king and the nobles acquired their wealth. Placing a burden of the taxation firmly on the shoulders of the peasantry and the rising bourgeois. Many cities were ringed by wall not for protection, but to limit the access to the city so a toll could be collected on goods entering the city.3 This was not only just a hindrance to the movement of goods. The toll made almost did not promote a laissez-passer and national market. Besides this inconvenient of the toll system in the large cities of France the rural peasantry have tithe placed on their crops. In the countryside the church draw its vast wealth from the rural peasantry, which worked the land, upon which the Catholic Churched owned. The Church owned up to ten per cent of t...

Documentary films

Documentary films Free Online Research Papers A documentary film is a broad category of filmmaking practice that tries to document reality. It is a film genre that attempts to portray realism in the sense that it presents ‘actual’ people, places, activities and events. The fact that it documents ‘actual’ means that documentary films deal with fact and not fiction. A documentary film primarily ‘documents’ some aspect of life and usually involves narration, interviews, and facts and figures. This is in contrast to narrative (fictional) cinema comprising film genre such as action, comedy, adventure, horror, drama etc which creates the events, phenomenon, human behavior or conditions utilizing scripts. Encyclopedia Britannica defines a documentary as a ‘motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment’. Documentary films are by nature not scripted, even though the scenes are selected and arranged through after-shoot editing. The ‘cast’ in a documentary film are not actors. These films may or may not have voice-over narration, depending on whether there is a need to describe what is happening in the film. A documentary will also include interviews with the people in the film. Another tenet is that a documentary must be objective and should not have a point of view although critics now argue that all forms of exposition do have a point of view. There is also no place for reenactments in a documentary film. The word ‘documentary’ was first coined in 1926 when documentarian John Grierson reviewed Robert Flaherty’s film ‘Moana’ and wrote that it had ‘documentary value’. Griersons view of documentary was that it provided a new way of observing life by way of casting ‘original’ actors and ‘original’ scenes vis-a-vis fictional films and considered that materials taken from the raw ‘actual’ footage were better than the acted ones. Grierson’s definition of documentary as a ‘creative treatment of actuality’ has generally formed the basis of depicting documentary films. In a nutshell, we can describe a documentary film as one that attempts to tell the truth realistically, by presenting factual evidence in its originality, with no reenactments and in an objective manner. Documentary films comprise a broad and diverse category of films. These include biographical films, expose films, a concert or rock festival, live performances, sports documentary, compilation films and ‘making of’ films of feature films. Documentary filmmaking has evolved over the decades. Early films such as Robert Flaherty’s Nanook of the North, used cumbersome equipment to produce rather imperfect images while today’s digital technology allows filmmakers to capture instant perfect images that objectively reveal the truth about subjects who may not be aware that they are being filmed. The cinema verite (literal French translation of ‘cinema truth’) or direct cinema (as it is known in the US) approach was the mode of documentary filmmaking in the late 1950s and 1960s. It took advantage of technological advances by using hand-held cameras and synchronized sound to capture their subjects and record events as they happened. It is a style of documentary filmmaking where there is no narration, and the filmmaker follows the happenings, shows authentic dialogues, natural action and minimum of rearrangements. It used the least directive approach to collecting film footage. The whole idea was to make the camera less of an intruder and allow the subject to behave more normally, though it must be borne in mind that the subject is aware of the recording. But really, the notion of documentary films has evolved since its inception to take many controversial facets. In the past 20 years, in particular, the nature of documentary films has extended upon the cinema verite or direct cinema tradition of the 1960s. Films incorporating reenactments as in The Thin Blue Line by Errol Morris and directorial manipulation by Michael Moore in Roger and Me has led critics to question whether they are truly documentaries although they are classified as one. The point of view has also become increasingly visible in documentaries as in Michael Moore’s controversial Fahrenheit 9/11. Don’t Look Back is a 1967 black and white documentary which covered Bob Dylan’s concert tour of England in April –May 1965. The subject is the man behind the music, one who was to become the father of modern folk rock. The film shows viewers a glimpse of Dylan, who has been labelled as an anarchist, poet, folk singer, and other names. It educates viewers as to the philosophy of Dylan, why he writes the songs the way he does, how he views the world. It also shows how his friends, colleagues, and even fans expose his personality. The author (auteur in French) of this acclaimed film was D. A. Pennebaker, who used his creative personal vision to direct and shoot the film in cinema verite style. Pennebaker had said that ‘nothing was staged or arranged for the purposes of the film’. It played out in hotel rooms, limousines, backstage rooms and concert halls. The film explored Dylan through public media interviews and concert footage, and private exchanges with his entourage. At the time of its production, Don’t Look Back was the first of its kind, an in-the-moment documentary rather than a constructed one. It was a ‘fly on the wall’ genre, a major tenet of cinema verite or direct cinema, utilizing hand-held camera, long takes, no lighting equipment, shaky camerawork and occasional loss of focus, thereby displaying authenticity and bringing to the viewer a picture of reality. This is especially so, as throughout the film, we see the camera frantically following the events as they happen. Some scenes show how the camera needs to refocus on an object of interest, be it Dylan, his manager Albert Grossman, Joan Baez or an adoring fan inviting him for a holiday. While other music films of the 1960s which dealt with fantasy have become irrelevant, Don’t Look Back still retains its sense of relevance into its fifth decade as it is considered to depict the most objective portrait of Bob Dylan ever made. The objective of the film, as with all documentaries, is to show truth. It is a raw presentation of press conferences and interviews, business negotiations, backstage and hotel room happenings. There was no narrator involved and no script. As Chris Buck said, ‘Shoot and discover the story within’. It filmed only what happened as it happened, reflecting objective truth. Pennebaker, the author himself remarked, ‘My first serious film†¦I felt in the end that I hadn’t had to compromise anything, that it was as rough and raw and mean as it had to be’. Essentially, Pennebaker and his camera followed Dylan across his tour of England to get the raw footage. Don’t Look Back is not a rock documentary. It is also not a concert documentary as there were only a few live numbers and more than half the film focused on the person. It is really an expose of a personality of the day. It is a portrayal of Dylan as an arrogant, intriguing person. Don’t Look Back captures the moment with spontaneity, in true cinema verite fashion. As Mark Nichols said, ‘Instead the camera acts solely as a fly on the wall and for 96 minutes the viewer watches Dylan’s ongoing evolution as performer and personality’. It is quite a revealing take on the mind of Dylan, to educate people about Dylan. It shows him being confrontational and direct and openly critical and aggressive. It justifiably laid claims to bringing to audiences a raw picture of reality backed by the style of filming by Pennebaker. It was an exploratory form of documentary with no script, just shoot and see the story as you see it. This is evident for instance in the relationship between Dylan and Joan Baez. With no text or commentary, their relationship is shown but not told. Hence, the viewer has to deduce the significance of Baez’s disappearance half way through the film that there was a strain in their relationship. While the highlights of the documentary were indeed the many press conferences and interviews, Pennebaker’s film shows the true self of Dylan – an angry, awkward, sarcastic, and confrontational man as when he asks, ‘Who threw the glass in the street? Who threw it?’ and his relentless heaping of scorn on the journalists. When a female reporter asked,’What is your real message?, Dylan responded awkwardly, ‘Keep a good head and always carry a light bulb’. That Don’t Look Back is a true documentary is attested to in this remark made by Michael Rowin, ‘Part of what makes Don’t Look Back so incredible is that it might be the first public record of a celebrity openly, and with full knowledge of how his behavior might be perceived, acting like a complete jerk even when a camera is right there documenting his every movement for the world’. This was the first time ever the cinema verite or direct cinema technique was employed to project a raw, revealing insight into a well-known musician’s mindset and backstage at that. As Michael Rowan put it, ‘†¦ Don’t Look Back remains the first and only essential one for keeping Dylan in its sights with an almost obsessive intensity and letting the man perform the truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. But one can also question whether it is a documentary in the truest sense of the word. In a span of three-and-a-half weeks during Dylan’s concert tour of England, Pennebaker shot some 20 hours of film. But after editing, the ready for viewing footage was reduced to just 96 minutes. Also, virtually absent are the standard documentary rules of archival or interview footage. It appears as though Pennebaker was an unobtrusive observer, impartial and outside the happenings through the notion of ‘fly on the wall’, which has been considered as an ideal in documentary filmmaking. This was in keeping with the cinema verite goal of excluding the filmmaker from the film, the idea being that ‘the intrusions of the direct would detract from the reality of the subject’. However, some critics are of the view that impartial observation while filming is not achievable. Hence questions have been raised as to whether the mere presence of the filmaker will still make it possible to get a true picture of reality. Some are of the view that his presence means he cannot be an objective observer which is a key tenet of a documentary being perceived as an accurate portrayal of events. As Chris Buck says, â€Å"You have a set of values of ‘looking glasses’ the moment you interact with a subject and the selection of a subject is value laden†. But then there have been documentaries made, such as the Paul Anka biography, Lonely Boy (1962) where the film footage included Anka interacting with the filmmakers, which was acceptable to another school of thought as being part of the reality of filmmaking process. The direct cinema philosophy by which Don’t Look Back was produced drew plenty of flak. Critics Andrew Sarris and Pauline Kael touched on the notion of objectivity, specifically citing the performative elements of the film, the influence of the camera on the actions of the subjects and the impact of editing, montage and shooting decisions. Sarris viewed the film as contrived documentary. Although direct cinema professes objectivity, Don’t Look Back was edited and structured and combined an observational approach with a personal perspective and biased editing. Documentary directors select the shots they feel will tell the story, edit those that are not needed and build an entire film on his personal bias. Through editing, the director can latch on a single aspect such as frustration on the part of the subject and proceed to show how the subject behaves or acts in such a way. For instance, Pennebaker wanted to show Dylan’s frustrations about how he is protrayed in the news. He included Dylan’s encounter with the Time reporter and also showed how he questions the interpretation of the other journalists regarding his music and performance. For the most part, the Time reporter’s comments are omitted while Dylan’s is retained, ending with Dylan saying, ‘I know more about what you do, and you don’t have to ask me how or why or anything, just by looking, than you’ll ever know about me, ever’. Hence, we can argue that there is a presence of bias as in narrative cinema. The selection of content elements reflects the director’s personal choices, philosophy, logic and reasoning. As the author, the actual content will be determined by him. Also, if we analyze the infamous opening sequence showing Dylan displaying the cue cards as the song ‘Subterranean Homesick Blues’ is played, with poet Allen Ginsberg lurking in the background, we can interpret this as staged and constructed with both of them clearly ‘acting’ the part. If we consider this as a ‘posed’ shot, we can question its true documentary status although the rest of the film can indeed pass off as a documentary. We can say that Don’t Look Back extended the category of documentary films to music and MTV videos as we know today. The opening simple sequence showing Dylan discarding a series of cue cards with phrases of some of the lyrics of the song , ‘Subterranean Homesick Blues’ as though trying to put the message across, is certainly an early reflection of the more sophisticated music videos we see today of the sound, image and the performer synchronized. This is one of the most imitated sequences in the history of rock/music documentary. Although it was not intended to be broadcast as a music video, Subterranean Homesick Blues’ can be seen on MTV today as a video of a single album from Don’t Look Back. The opening sequence in Don’t Look Back and Pennebaker’s point-and-shoot handheld direction set the standard for future music documentaries to follow. All said, Don’t Look Back is an excellent documentary which has allowed us a peek into the life of Bob Dylan. Through it, we understand the motivation, frustrations and aspirations of Dylan. While he is aware of the filming and that viewers would be peeking into his life, he allows it. It also gives us a degree of comfort that Dylan does not know who we are, or why we are even interested in knowing what he thinks or does. (2366 words) Research Papers on Documentary filmsWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Project Managment Office SystemThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Spring and AutumnBringing Democracy to Africa

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example Different perspectives: There are different opinions to the argument whether stem cell research should be encouraged or not. Many religious and pro-life organizations have voiced ethical concerns regarding the intentional killing of a defenseless human life (2 week-old embryo) for the possible benefits of others. Other ethical dilemmas concerning this research are the use/disposal of surplus stem cells, the use of cloning in obtaining stem cells and the fact that a potential life is created for research or therapeutic purposes. Scientists and researchers see stem cell research as an answer to help all those suffering from chronic, degenerative and acute diseases such as Type-1 Diabetes, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease and Cancer amongst others (Erin Williams, 2006). My Opinion: Having studied the different ethical and scientific perspectives on stem cell research, I believe that the research has tremendous potential to relieve the sufferings of thousands if not mill ions of people. If research is undertaken within the bounds of law (looking into the purpose of embryo creation, egg procurement etc), the pursuit wil help scientists understand the biology behind current incurable diseases and hence save many important lives.

Humanitarian logistics during the indian ocean tsunami in the andaman Essay

Humanitarian logistics during the indian ocean tsunami in the andaman and nicobar islands - Essay Example Placed within this supply chain is logistics – moving material from one place to another, which further comprises of inbound, outbound and/or reverse logistics (Figure 1). SUPPLIERS INBOUND LOGISTICS INTERNAL OPERATIONS OUTBOUND LOGISTICS RETAILERS /DISTRIBUTORS INTERNAL INTERFACES EXTERNAL INTERFACES From this profit-oriented point of view, logistics now finds itself on humanitarian grounds where a different war is waged and a different victory is aimed at – the victory of saving lives, minimizing destruction, and assuaging helplessness caused by disasters. Humanitarian logistics is an emerging field with functions similar to business logistics yet with different outcomes. Two main streams of humanitarian logistics can be distinguished: disaster relief and continuous aid work. The focus of disaster relief operations is to transport the immediate requirements of affected communities – first aid material, food, equipment and rescue personnel – where they are needed and to evacuate affected people to safe places rapidly (Barbarosoglu et al., 2002). Continuous aid is focused on re-building lives and re-establishing livelihoods and infrastructures. The Fritz Institute defines humanitarian relief logistics as â€Å"the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of goods and materials, as well as related information, from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of vulnerable people† (Thomas and Kopczak, 2005). Humanitarian logistics encompasses a range of activities including preparedness, planning, procurement, transport, warehousing, tracking and tracing, and customs clearance (Thomas and Kopczak, 2005).

The Truman Doctrine and the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Truman Doctrine and the Cold War - Essay Example 346). It was in this time that the United Nations was formed, because the world was even more conflict-weary than it had been after the Great War, when Woodrow Wilson sought to create a League of Nations that would stop major disputes before they ever again became worldwide wars. However, even as workers were still picking up the rubble from the damage in Europe and Asia, the seeds of a new war between the United States and the Soviet Union, two erstwhile allies, were being planted: the Cold War. This was not a war that could ever really begin on a battlefield, because both of the combatants possessed the tactical ability to destroy the planet with nuclear bombs. And so, in many instances, the Cold War became a game to see how much one side would put up with from the other. Perhaps the most volatile moments of the Cold War occurred during the Presidency of John F. Kennedy, when the Soviet Union installed missiles on the island of Cuba, mere miles away from United States soil. The fifteen days of that crisis were as close as the two sides ever came to actual nuclear holocaust. The beginnings of this Cold War, in some ways, may be said to lie at the feet of the United States government. Even during World War II, the United States and Great Britain refused to let the Soviets join the project to create atomic weapons, which led Stalin to mistrust the other two Allies. At the end of the war, the United States stopped sending lend-lease aid far earlier than the Soviets liked, and refused to lend the Soviet government $6 billion for reconstruction, while at the same time lending Great Britain $3.75 billion for similar costs (Pollard, p. 27). The two sides also differed on the postwar fate of Eastern Europe: the Soviet Union, having been invaded twice in thirty years by German armies, wanted to create a buffer zone protecting it from further western invasions, and so it quickly cemented control over most of Eastern Europe, including the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The Americans, in contrast, supported the Wilsonian idea of an "open world" filled with auto nomous, democratic nations. The Soviet grab for Eastern Europe immediately after World War II ended deeply offended American sensibilities (Bailey and Kennedy, p. 822). Stalin was in no way innocent in the beginnings of the Cold War. In 1946, he broke an agreement to remove Soviet troops from northern Iran. In early 1947, when Great Britain told the United States it could no longer assist the Greek government in keeping stability, and when the Turkish government seemed vulnerable to internal agitation, President Truman decided that a containment policy toward the Soviet Union would be best. In a speech to Congress on March 12, 1947, he asked for $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey, to help keep their governments from collapsing, and to keep Communist influence from overtaking those two countries. In this speech, Truman hearkened back to World War II for support: One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. This was a

Birth Control in Schools Essay Example for Free

Birth Control in Schools Essay Schools are the one institution in our society regularly attended by most young people-nearly 95% of all youth aged 5 to 17 years are enrolled in elementary or secondary schools (National Center for Education Statistics, 1993). Large percentage of youth attend schools for years before they encounter sexual risk-taking behaviors and a majority is enrolled at the time they initiate intercourse. Just as youth in communities with high rates of poverty and social unawareness are more likely to become pregnant so youth in schools with high rates of poverty and social inadequacy are also more likely to become pregnant. In particular, when female teens attend schools with high percentages of dropout rates and with higher rates of school vandalism they are more likely to become pregnant. The lack of opportunity and greater disorganization in some minority communities in this country, teens in schools with higher percentages of minority students are also more likely to have higher pregnancy rates than teens in schools with lower percentages of minority(Manlove, 1998).. Students in these studies, it is often difficult to distinguish the impact of school character from the impact of the community characteristics in which they reside. Social scientists and educators have suggested a wide variety of explanations for how schools reduce sexual risk-taking behavior. Some of their explanations have observed research supporting them, while others are credible, but lack supporting research. For example, educators concerned with adolescent sexual behavior have suggested that: 1. Schools structure students time and limit the amount of time that students can be alone and engage in sex. 2. Schools increase interaction with and attachment to adults who discourage risk-taking behavior of any kind (e.g., substance use, sexual risk-taking, or accident-producing behavior). More generally, they create an environment which discourages risk-taking. 3. Schools affect selection of friends and larger peer groups that are important to them. Because peer norms about sex and contraception significantly influence teens behavior, this impact on schools may be substantial. However, just how schools affect selection of friends and peers is not clearly understood. 4. Schools can increase belief in the future and help youth plan for higher education and careers. Such planning may increase the motivation to avoid early childbearing. As noted above, multiple studies demonstrate that educational and career aspiration are related to use of contraception, pregnancy, and childbearing. 5. Schools can increase students self-esteem, sense of competence, and communication and refusal skills. These skills may help students avoid unprotected sex. Despite the growing strength of the abstinence movement across the country, large majorities of adults favor SEX and AIDS education that includes discussions of condoms and contraceptives. For example, a 1998 poll of American adults found that 87% thought birth control should be covered (Rose Gallup, 41-53), a 1998 poll found that 90% of adults thought condoms should be covered (Haffner Wagoner, 22-23)and another 1999 poll found that 82% of adults believed all aspects of sex education including birth control and safer sex should be taught . (Hoff, Greene, McIntosh, Rawlings, DAmico, 2000). Given both the need for effective educational programs and public support for such programs, schools have responded. According to a 1999 national survey of school teachers in grades 7 to 12, about 93% of their schools offered sexuality or HIV education (Darroch, Landry, Singh, 204-211, 265). Of those schools teaching any topics in sexuality education, between 85% and 100% included instruction on consequences of teenage parenthood, STD, HIV/AIDS, abstinence, and ways to resist peer pressure to have sex. Between 75% and 85% of the schools provided instruction about puberty, dating, sexual abuse, and birth control methods. Teachers reported that the most important messages they wanted to convey were about abstinence and responsibility. During the same year, survey results from a second survey of teachers and students in grades 7 to 12 were completed (Hoff et al., 2000). Their results were similar to the study above. They revealed that at least 75% of the students and similar percentages of the teachers indicated the following topics were covered in their instruction: basics of reproduction, STD and HIV/AIDS, abstinence, dealing with pressures to have sex, and birth control. Despite the fact that most adolescents receive at least a minimum amount of sexuality or HIV education, it is widely believed by professionals in the field that most programs are short, are not comprehensive, fail to cover some important topics, and are less effective than they could be (Britton, deMauro, Gambrell, 1-8; Darroch, Landry, Singh, 2000; Gambrell Haffner, 1993; Hoff, et al., 2000). For example, both surveys of teachers discussed above found that only half to two thirds of the teachers covered how to use condoms or how to get and use birth control. there is very little information about the extent to which sex- and HIV-education curriculum have been found to be effective and are implemented with fidelity in additional schools. However, considerable unreliable information indicates few schools implemented the lessons. There is a widely held belief that schools have established a foundation for programs, but that effective programs need to be implementing more broadly and with greater dedication throughout the country. I want to take you back to when I was a teenager and how I personally can relate to the same choices and decisions our teenagers is face with today, in my personal experience; My boyfriend and I had our sex talk we decide I should go to my mother and talk to her about some form of birth control, her response was no. there was no explanation, no reasoning, and no questions ask about why I want to go on it. It was simply no! The end result I have 21yrs old. Im not saying that we made the best choice because I still had an option to use a condom and contraceptives. Todays teenagers resources are plentiful, they can go to cook county hospital, they have Planned Parenthood and there local clinic in there neighborhood and now they have program that are being implemented in their high schools. Children, who do not have supported parents, can not talk to their parents. I want to bring in another aspect as to what can happen when you do not enforce communication about birth control, sex and consequences with your teenager, as you know Im a grandmother I wouldnt trade my granddaughter in for anything in the world. Not enforcing the use of contraceptive, I feel one of the reasons that I became a grandmother in my thirty. because I did not get as involved with my son as I should have after he inform me that he was sexually active. The high Schools offer them open lines of communication and provide a safe atmosphere in which allows them to express their thought as to why they are there in the first place. It’s possible it can lead to single parenthood and a high drop out rate. Pregnancy among teenagers is continuing to rise despite a 40 million Government campaign to reduce the problem, while sexually transmitted diseases are reaching epidemic levels. The Royal College of Nursing revealed that increasing numbers of teenagers are indulging in sex and even taking part in orgies called daisy chaining. The Department for Education and Skills has admitted that 66 out of 150 local education authorities have at least one school based health service in their area providing advice, access to or direct provision of contraception. You have statistics on birth control and personal experience wouldnt you rather your teenager be knowledgeable than not? Biliography Britton, P. O., DeMauro, D., Gambrell, A. E. HIV/AIDS education: SIECUS study on HIV/AIDS education for schools finds states make progress, but work remains. SIECUS Report, 21(1), 1-8 (1992) Chandy, J. M., Harris, L., Blum, R. W., Resnick, M. D. Female adolescents of alcohol misusers: Sexual behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23, 695-709 (1994) Darroch, J. E., Landry, D. J., Singh, S. Changing emphases in sexuality education in U.S. pubic secondary schools, 1988-1999. Family Planning Perspectives, 32, 204-211, 265 (2000) Gambrell, A. E., Haffner, D. Unfinished business: A SIECUS assessment of state sexuality education programs. New York: SIECUS (1993) Haffner, D., Wagoner, J. Vast majority of Americans support sexuality education. SIECUS Report, 27(6), 22-23 (1999) Hoff, T., Greene, L., McIntosh, M., Rawlings, N., DAmico, J. Sex education in America: A series of national surveys of students, parents, teachers, and Jones 8 principals. Menlo Park, CA: The Kaiser Family Foundation. (2000) Manlove, J. The influence of high school dropout and school disengagement on the risk of school-age pregnancy. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 187-220 (1998) National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education Statistics, 1993. Washington, DC: US Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. (1993) Rose, L. C., Gallup, A. M. The 30th annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the publics attitudes toward the public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, Sept., 41-53 (1998, September) Singh S. Adolescent pregnancy in the United States: An interstate analysis. Family Planning Perspectives, 18, 210-220 (1986)

Physics of the Heart Essay -- physics heart

In the US, heart attacks kill more people than any other single cause. Many of the deaths are caused by electrical disturbances in a damaged heart that cause it to fibrillate (Pool). Despite current overwhelming interest in the operations of the human heart, for most of history the human heart has been regarded as a "forbidden organ too delicate to tamper with" (NOVA). In fact, it might have remained so, were it not for World War II where military doctors, faced with massive numbers of injuries ushered the world into our current medical trajectory. Your body has about 5.6 liters of blood. All of this blood circulates through the body three times every minute. In one day, the blood travels a total of 12,000 miles (NOVA). Rhythmic contractions of the heart pump blood occur in response to electrical control pulse sequences. Active cells in the sinoatrial node in the heart trigger a sequence of electrical events that control muscle contractions, which pump the blood. Scientific interest in the heart goes back centuries. Some of the most basic understandings about the operation and specifically the electrical currents of the heart were discussed during the May 17, 1888 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London by Professor J.A. McWilliam of the University of Aberdeen. The following conclusions were based on his studies of mammalian hearts in cats, dogs, rabbits, rats, hedgehogs, and guinea-pigs. * An all or nothing approach to heart contraction o If a stimulus was strong enough to excite contraction, it produced a maximal contraction * The application of interrupted currents induces fibrillar contractions which can be recovered from even after long period under the combined influence of artificial respira... ...n that prevents the heart from immediately contracting again. Bibliography 1. "Cactus Picture" March 16, 2005. 2. Campbell, Neil A. (2002) "Biology" 6th edition. Benjamin Cummings. San Francisco, CA. 3. Kay, Ian. (1998) "Introduction to Animal Physiology" Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 4. McWilliam, J.A. (1888) "On the Rhythm of the Mammalian Heart" Froceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 44, pages 206-208. 5. NOVA. " Cut to the Heart† PBS Online 1997. 6. Pool, Robert. (1990) â€Å"Heart Like a Wheel† Science, Vol. 247, No. 4948, pages 1294-1295. 7. Putnam, Jeremiah L. "Heart Diagram" Professor of Biology. Davidson College. 8. Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut. (1997) "Animal Physiology: Adaptation and environment" Fifth Edition. Cambridge University Press. New York, NY.

Literary Analysis of Audre Lordes Power Essay example -- Poem Poet Po

Literary Analysis of Audre Lorde's Power Audre Lorde uses her poetic prose to express her feelings of anger and fury over an unfortunate incident which occurred in New York City in the late 1970's. She shares her outrage and disgust at a racist society that can allow a child's death to be buried with no true justice found to help resolve the loss of a innocent child. Audre Lorde adopted an African name at the end of her life, Gamba Adisa, which means "Warrior-She Who Makes Her Meaning Known." (1404) This name she chose can help explain the role as a woman poet and writer she felt she had to play and why she wrote the various works that she produced throughout her life. Lorde was brought up in Harlem and probably understood the difficulties people can encounter when race is involved. In the poem the "Power" she is trying to use her poetic gift to stand up for these racial injustices and to try to make a conscience difference. Lorde wants to be heard, instead of just using rhetoric and the art of effective writing, she is searching for the power she has as a African-American woman poet to make people hear and think about racial injustices. "Power" (1030) is a poem that has two different levels of meaning, literal and nonliteral. The first being a narrative poem literally about Clifford Glover, a ten-year-old African-American Queens boy who was shot by a Caucasian police officer that was acquitted by a jury. The second being the nonliteral, more poetic intent, Audre Lorde's reaction and feelings of fury and disgust over this incident. She entangles this racial injustice with her own furious and unsatisfied feelings in this piece. The first two stanzas are about Lorde's feelings and images she sees due to ... ...over and jot down her thoughts. If these were the thoughts running through my head that were making my whole being ill - I too would need to write them down and get them out of my head. Her harsh images ands racial digs in this piece do prompt an individual to stop and think, even get angry. Lorde probably meant to point out this problem in its ugly light so to help avoid such tragic loses from happening again. To ensure that not everyone will just step aside when it is their turn to protect and serve our youth of today. Audre Lorde truly appears to be a "warrior' and she certainly has "made her meaning known" as her name, so appropriately means and her poetry so appropriately reflects to its audience. Works Cited Abcarian, Richard, and Marvin Klotz, eds. Literature: Reading and Writing the Human Experience. 7th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Explain What Christians Believe About the Sanctity of Life and Especially Their Responsibility Essay

All Christian beliefs, believe in the sanctity of life. This means that life is sacred as God has given us life. But many of the different Christian religions have different views on the way both Abortions and Euthanasia should be handled. Catholics believe that life begins at the moment of conception. But from a quote from Jeremiah 1:5 ‘Before I formed you in the womb I knew you’. This shows that God has already given the child there special personalities and talents even before they are born. This quote forms the base of the Vatican’s Stance on contraception. They completely disagree with condoms, ‘The Pill’ and any other forms of contraception. They are also totally against the idea of Abortion. This is shown in the Humane Vitae. Mother Teresa is totally against Abortion as from this quote we can tell that she thinks that it is a sin. ‘Any country that accepts Abortion, is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what it wants’. This shows that she backs up the views of the Roman Catholic that Abortion is a tragic sin. But the Church of England and many other religions such as Quakers and Lutheran believe that Abortion is acceptable to have an Abortion in certain circumstances, such as rape or when mental or physical damage cause be inflicted on the mother or/and child. They disagree with the beliefs of the Roman Catholic as we all have free will and having Abortion is in the rights of free will. Also there is no quote the bible that clearly states that Abortion is wrong. At the other end of the life scale Euthanasia is also another controversial issue. All Christians believe that we as human are all created by God. This is shown in Psalm 139:16 ‘You saw my unborn body’. This shows that when David sung the psalm he was telling the people that God knew you before you were born, showing that as our bodies an minds are unique we all must treat our minds with respect as otherwise we shall be committing a sin against God. Due to the fact that Jesus was human and he was the person who saved us from original sin then Euthanasia is a sin against God. Under no personal or social circumstances could ever, can now, or will ever, should Euthanasia ever render such an act lawful in itself†. Pope John Paul II clearly states in this quote made in 1989 that he is totally against the idea of contraception. In the bible it states that God is the only person who can take a life. This shows that the Roman Catholics are all against the idea of Euthanasia, making it a mortal sin. Where as the Church of England and the Society of Friends would argue that if the person is likely to die very soon then using free will they should be allowed to use euthanasia as they no that they are going to die any way. Also they believe that someone should not be put to sleep immediately, but they can stop taking the medication that is keeping them alive to speed up the death. But this can cause the law trouble as they cannot tell completely what has happened. In the law it is illegal to have euthanasia performed on you. If you were found guilty you would have to face charges of man slaughter. In the it says that death is not the end of the road only the end of the first part.

Supplying at Cost and Below Cost Essays

Supplying at Cost and Below Cost Essays Supplying at Cost and Below Cost Essay Supplying at Cost and Below Cost Essay To help energy-intensive industries, the government has provided for a 7 Billion package to help these industries augment generation of renewable energy. Further it has also capped the Carbon Price Support rate at ? 18 for two years from 2016-17. Existing compensation schemes have been extended till 2019-20 and new schemes have been introduced for industries in distress due to high electricity costs, resulting from renewable obligation and Feed-in tariffs for small-scale units to generate renewable energy from 2016-17. The government has also provided support to Combined Heat and Power plants by exempting the fuel costs used in the generation of electricity that is supplied to manufacturing units within the Carbon Price Floor(CPF) purview. To support development of new carbon capture and storage facilities, the government has offered ? 60 Million and also introduced a capacity market for ensuring consistent and secure supply. This has been done with a special intention to maintain the advantage of buying power that the Levy Control Framework currently enjoys. Measures undertaken to boost housing supply include creating a Builders Finance Fund of ? 500 Million to lend loans to housing developers (SME) to release 15,000 stalled housing units due to shortage of funds and creating a corporation of Urban Development to construct a garden city at Ebbsfleet. The government has also decided to provide ? 150 million for regeneration of large housing estates to boost housing supply. The government has planned to invest ? 42 Million over the next 5 years in analysing and identifying useful ways of analyzing Big Data analysis by establishing a new Alan Turing Institute for helping in innovation in manufacturing processes, improved marketing techniques, etc.According to Bughin, Chui Manyika (2010), the big data technology helps in capturing large quantities of data and in analysis, all at a much cheaper cost. Further, plans are also on way to invest ? 74 Million over 5 years to provide assistance in RD of fresh graphene products and invest in developing cell therapies on a big scale for clinical trials that are on the last-stages of survival. New allowances have been introduced for ultra high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) oil and gas projects; government is also working with these new agencies to ensure that competitiveness is maintained in the UK tax management. In the service sector, banking has become more competitive with better, faster and easier services provided to businesses. The government also implements financial and structural reforms to support foreign investments in the financial services sector. For ensuring continued support by venture capitalists to SMEs, the government has removed the temporary tag from the Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme (SEIS) and capital gains tax reinvestment scheme of 50% (Great Britain OBR, 2014). Other structural forms like tax reliefs and eligibility criteria will also be relaxed. Outlay in social enterprises has been encouraged by providing 30% tax relief on the same. Introduction of the innovative Wholesale Guarantees Programme is likely to support more financing to SME. Government also aims to make the tax systems simpler and has introduced the self-assessment system for collecting NICs from the self-employed and is further looking to make tax systems for the benefits and expenses of employees simpler. The Education sector contributes approximately ? 10 Billion (International Education, 2013) of UK revenue. Due to this the government is engaged in participating in more strategic partnerships with emerging markets like India by sharing values and respecting each other’s beliefs and initiatives. Student visa systems are undergoing reforms to attract foreign students to study in UK. This along with other changes like those in VAT rules with reference to construction and usage of student accommodation, tripling number of Chevening scholarships from 2015-16, taking out â€Å"Education is Great† campaigns, etc are likely to attract more students to come and study in UK.

A Critical Review essays

A Critical Review essays For years our nation has been debating over the benefits that coeducational schools have versus non-coeducational schools. There are many different perspectives on the subject. Some people believe that girls face harsh environments while seated next to boys in the classroom. The author of The Trouble With Single-Sex Schools, Wendy Kaminer feels otherwise. She argues that the experiments and information supporting the hazards of coed schools can be demolished with a minimal amount of effort. I highly disagree with Kaminer that single-sex schools are really the contributing factors to girls low self-esteem. Through my own personal experience I realize that coeducational schools might be the right place for some young women, but these schools are not the safest place for all. Wendy Kaminer tells us in very gratifying tones of the beginnings of womens education. She says that while the schools may have favored typical gender roles, they did spark the idea of women as citizens. She feels that in the early years single-sex schools were the only known choice. She thinks that many of the current feminists are crazy for accusing coed schools of discouraging girls achievement. To her the main focus should be on whether the establishment of all-girls schools is advancing or destroying civil rights and social equality. I really enjoyed her introduction. She glorifies women as winning their rights and pushing on towards greater victories such as education and the right to vote. She makes women feel very proud to have come this far. And yet underneath her wholehearted happiness for her own sex, she seems to feel that womens rights have gone to far. She seems to despise the very women she was praising earlier. At the start of her essay she informs us of the many triumphs women overcame to obtain these rights, making us believe she will take the side of her fellow woman. ...

4 Career Fears You Need to Face

4 Career Fears You Need to Face Fear. It’s not just the feeling that strikes when you’re home alone watching scary movies and suddenly there’s a  noise outside your window. It can happen in a much more mundane, brightly-lit place: your desk at work. In fact, the office can be a place where all of your self-doubts and worries compound into a big, career-blocking blob. But you’re not alone- millions of people have responded to polls and surveys about their concerns.What are some of the most common work-related fears?1. Losing the jobWhether you’re a rockstar at work or feel like you’ve been making too many mistakes, fear of losing your job has little to do with actual performance and more to do with your own personal need for stability.2. Performance anxietyMaybe your boss wasn’t as enthusiastic as she could have been after your last presentation. Maybe a new performance review process has you feeling uncertain about whether your year was really as productive as you wanted it to be. Any uncertainty or lack of positive feedback can feed this apprehension.3. Not fitting inWhether it’s middle school or the office break room, no one wants to be the uncool kid. We spend most of our waking hours with our coworkers, and universal social anxieties may show up. It can be tempting to try to play a certain character type in meetings or defer to others’ thoughts and ideas instead of your own.4. Being left behindWith social media giving a new platform to everyday triumphs (â€Å"Guess who’s rocking it today?†), it can turn the workday into a competitive exercise. This plays into anxieties about stagnating in your job while the real stars move on to higher titles and bigger paydays.What can we do to move past these?The best way to conquer these fears (or at least tame them into submission before) is to acknowledge that they’re happening, name them, and be clear with yourself about the steps you’re taking to overcome them. That could mean communicating more openly with your colleagues or even just taking small steps forward on a project you’ve been avoiding because it seemed daunting.Embrace the fears that are holding you back, and then step neatly around them on your career path.Read More at Fast Company

Mental health and mental illnesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mental health and mental illnesses - Essay Example It is extremely difficult for us mortals to attain complete physical, mental or social wellbeing. A very common perception of health is that it is a commodity that can be "bought by investment in private health care; sold via health food stores and health centres; given by surgery and drugs and lost following accident or disease (Aggleton 1990, p.11). If the WHO definition was assailed, this concept of health as a commodity was reviled mainly because health was made dependent not on the person but on the merchandise that could be obtained from Another definition of health is that it is "the reserve of strength of energy. The meaning of strength can be extrapolated to mental strength which is the 'attitude or outlook of life which helps the individual cope with adversity". There is also a definition which says that health is the "ability to adapt to changing circumstances" (Aggleton 1990, p.11). ... There is also a definition which says that health is the "ability to adapt to changing circumstances" (Aggleton 1990, p.11). Still, another definition of health points to health as a conglomeration of a number of factors, which are foundations for achievement, "which help people to achieve their maximum personal potential" Such foundations for achievement encompass such basic things as water, food, shelter, "access to information and the skill and confidence to make sense of this" (Aggleton 1990,p.12). The traditional concept of health, meanwhile propounds that a healthy person is 'someone who exists in a state of equilibrium of mind, body and spirit" and "when this equilibrium is disturbed, then the health of the individual is impaired." ( Harari & Legge 2001,p.1). Of course, it drew brickbats from some people who cannot conceptualise health as a mere equilibrium of mind, body and spirit and finds this concept too vague and obscure. Health is better understood if we comprehend the concepts of disease and illness. Health suffers at the onset of disease. Disease and illness, contrary to the belief of many, do not come together. One may have disease without actually knowing it as in the case of an AIDS victim and knowledge comes only when pain or discomfort begins to pester one's being. This is the3 time that the sufferer realises he is ill. But his disease commenced at the moment the bacteria or virus had begun to inhabit his body, which inhabiting signaled an abnormality or pathology in a portion of

Biber's Rosary Sonatas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biber's Rosary Sonatas - Essay Example The fifteen sets of pieces are each in a different scordatura or a returning of the violin and the divisions between the sets are clearly marked booth by the scordatura indications and by the engravings that each set (Brewer 2011). Heinrich Biber was known in his time as a virtuoso on the violin and his writing that is meant for the instrument pushes the performer to greater levels of technical skills by employing the use of a number of stops that are designed to develop independent polyphonic lines as the main feature of his style. In addition, he had mastered scordatura which was the tuning of the instrument in such a manner that was not the regular tuning. His Mystery sonatas are good evidence of his use of scordatura in the entire musical repertoire. In the Sonata number eleven, scordatura is employed to make the chosen key that is G major more brilliant and to make the string crossings that are normally difficult to execute, easier to play (Roden, Wright and Simms, 2010). Biber was considered to be the finest practitioner that existed of the art of the scordatura and the only person that could be able to match his skills was J Walther (Sadie 1998). The Rosary Sonatas for solo violin and continuo that are created by Biber are the most famous violin music today next to Corelli’s that were created in the seventeenth century. The curious programmatic design, the amazing virtuoso techniques and the unique varieties of scordatura are basically the sources of the fame that is accorded to them.

Business Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Growth - Essay Example For an investor, growth is an investment style which looks for stocks with high earnings and revenue growth. Business growth can also be understood as any firm generating essential positive cash earnings or flows and that flow increases at faster rate than the general economy. Definitions and Business Platform The term platform is used in various different situations. Earlier the term platform was used as a synonym of operating system. However, today it has a wider meaning and is used to describe variety of situations. Business platform is a method which creates an environment of integration to accelerate approach of operation towards partners and customers. The business platform reduces the gap between the operations, partners and customers and brings them closer. Reducing the gap between these three important elements enables the business to perform efficiently and properly which leads to reduce cost of production and increase customer satisfaction. For growth of any type of busine ss customer satisfaction is very important and essential as today’s economy is a customer oriented economy ands not product oriented (Zook, & Allen, 2001) . The business platform not only brings these three vital elements closer but also finds efficiencies and unlocks innovations from every part of the business. Business platforms have number of characteristics in common. Platforms are open to everyone and can be put up easily. Even though, platforms can be commercial or non commercial no one needs to take permission or pay money before building up a business platform. Platforms magnetize builder’s community, in order to increase these communities; these communities should be taken care of and managed properly. Building community helps in building the business more efficiently as because of the community one get help of suppliers, customers and partners. It removes barriers and makes flow efficient by giving the option of self-service access. Platforms do not different iate between large and small builders. Some platforms allow participation of small builders in the competition and these businesses sometimes even disturb present businesses. It is a two way contract between builders, who utilizes the platform and the platform provider, who offers the platform services to builders. Sometimes it has been seen that platform assist unexpected conclusions. Platform is a good thing when managed properly. We experienced in our project that platforms are very important to make people aware of our product. Platforms can be easily understood as Marketing. For our project we took help of different platforms like we announce about our project in mosque, stick posters on the walls of mosque, send direct marketing emails and text friend to pass this message. Below given are the stages, which a business goes through It has been observed that fast growing companies are disordered places to work. With the expansion of work and business, things or strategies which h ad worked well in past, start weakening and add no help. People and teams get flooded with workload and with the expansion of business, same managers who were very efficient earlier start committing mistakes with their expand area of control. Because of increase work load systems start collapsing (Burke, & Barrow, 2008). Growth is pleasure when everything goes right however it is even more stressful when things happen incorrectly. Apart from this,